Most of the typical cases of bronchial foreign bodies are caused by the sudden choking and coughing of children with foreign bodies in their mouths, during crying, laughing and playing. Because children’s molar has not yet developed, chewing function is not perfect, the throat reflex is not sound, it is not easy to chew melon seeds, peanuts and other food in the mouth; children are unaware of the dangers of foreign objects in the mouth, like to put small objects or toys in the mouth to play, in crying, playing or running, jumping, falling, easy to inhale foreign objects into the respiratory tract by mistake. When a foreign body enters the trachea or bronchus, it will immediately cause violent choking and reflex laryngeal spasm with breath-holding and bruising, etc. Entering the trachea can cause strong coughing, but if the foreign body is small, the symptoms are mild and can be temporarily relieved. If the foreign body can move up and down with the respiratory airflow, causing paroxysmal coughing, staying in the small bronchi, it can be asymptomatic or mild coughing and wheezing for a period of time. If the foreign body stays for a long time, it can lead to long-term bronchitis and pneumonia, manifesting as fever, cough, sputum and difficulty in breathing. Tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies are one of the most common clinical emergencies in otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery, which can lead to acute upper respiratory obstruction and other serious complications such as cardiopulmonary and respiratory failure if not treated in time. It often occurs in children, especially in the age of 1-5 years. Foreign bodies are classified as endogenous or exogenous depending on their source. All foreign bodies outside the body that are accidentally introduced into the lower respiratory tract by mouth are exogenous foreign bodies. Clinically, plant-based foreign bodies such as peanuts, sunflower seeds, chestnuts, beans, etc. are common. Because the angle of intersection between the right main bronchus and the long axis of trachea is small, almost located on the extension line of trachea, while the right main bronchus is short and the diameter of the tube is thicker, so the incidence of foreign body in the right bronchus is higher than that in the left side. If the foreign body in one side of the bronchus is relatively fixed, the function of airflow exchange can be compensated by the contralateral lung lobe, and symptoms such as dyspnea do not appear temporarily. History of foreign body inhalation is the most important diagnostic basis, such as children with foreign bodies in their mouths, sudden violent choking and coughing during crying, laughing or playing, and thereafter recurrent paroxysmal coughing and wheezing. However, in some children, the history of foreign body may not be clear. If there is a sudden and long-standing cough and wheeze with or without fever and breath-holding, or long-term untreated and recurrent bronchopneumonia, the possibility of tracheal foreign body should be considered. Active tracheal foreign bodies can be heard as vocal tapping sounds during coughing or at the end of expiration, and bronchial foreign bodies may have asymmetric breath sounds on auscultation on both sides of the lungs, or be accompanied by signs of pulmonary atelectasis, emphysema, or pneumonia. Chest X-ray or chest X-ray can only definitively diagnose metal-based radiopaque foreign bodies, but cannot directly diagnose plant-based radiopaque foreign bodies, but the following signs have important reference significance: mediastinal oscillation, emphysema, pulmonary atelectasis, and lung infection. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lungs with CT or CT bronchography helps to clarify the presence of foreign bodies and to identify their obstruction sites. Bronchoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies. Imaging is only indicative and does not confirm their presence, especially for plant-based transmissible foreign bodies. Bronchoscopy is not only a definitive diagnosis or exclusion of bronchial foreign bodies, but also an effective treatment for foreign body removal. Tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies are potentially life-threatening, and their removal is the only effective treatment. Therefore, timely diagnosis and early removal of foreign bodies can prevent asphyxia and other respiratory complications. Bronchoscopic foreign body removal is the most common and only effective treatment. The prognosis of tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies is poor if they are not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. Early foreign bodies can cause asphyxia in the vocal tract, and long-term retention can lead to cardiopulmonary complications, both of which can be dangerous during or after bronchoscopy and cause death. Respiratory foreign body is one of the most common childhood accidental injuries and a completely preventable disease. Publicity and education should be strengthened to raise awareness of the dangers of this disease and knowledge of prevention to prevent its occurrence. 1, avoid giving children under 2 years old to eat whole peanuts, melon seeds, beans; avoid children to contact small toys that can be put into the mouth, nose. 2, when oral food or eating, should avoid laughing, crying, scolding, so as to avoid deep inhalation occurred when the accidental inhalation, the food accidentally inhaled into the airway as a foreign body. 3. Teach children not to hold food or toys in their mouths, and if they are found, they should be persuaded to spit them out, not to pull them out forcibly with their fingers, so as not to cause crying and accidental inhalation into the airway. Small objects and snacks that can be placed in the mouth should not be placed in areas where children can reach them. Adults should avoid working with foreign objects in their mouths.