Non-obstructive azoospermia microscopic sperm retrieval is a method of obtaining sperm directly from the seminiferous tubules under a microscope. Non-obstructive azoospermia does not mean that there is a complete loss of spermatogenic function in the testes. It is possible that spermatozoa are still present somewhere inside the testes and can be surgically retrieved, even if the sperm count is low or even if there are only a few normal sperm, to produce a healthy child through assisted in vitro fertilization (AIF). Non-obstructive azoospermia microsperm retrieval requires the following specific steps in microsperm retrieval: firstly, incise the scrotal skin under anesthesia to expose the testicles, then open the testicular leukomalacia to locate the spermatid tubules, and then obtain the full and opaque varicocele under the microscope because the spermatid tubules without spermatogonial cells and spermatozoa are slim and transparent, and finally find normal spermatozoa from the obtained varicocele under the microscope. Microsperm extraction has the advantage of causing less damage to the blood vessels and testes, and has a higher chance of obtaining normal spermatozoa. It is important for patients to go to a regular hospital for treatment in order to achieve the best results and avoid unnecessary damage.