Urethral masses are one of the symptoms of urethral cancer. Urethral cancer can be detected by vaginal palpation, and vaginal examination can reveal thickened, hardened urethra and striped masses. Vaginal examination can reveal the size, texture and mobility of the lesion, and vaginal double examination can reveal the presence of bladder and pelvic metastases. About 50% of urethral cancers are secondary to metastatic epithelial carcinoma of the bladder, ureter or renal pelvis. Primary urethral cancer is relatively rare and occurs mainly in women. The cause of urethral cancer is not clear, but it is not related to the possibility of urethral caruncle. Urethral white spots may be pre-cancerous lesions, and early urethral cancer is similar to urethral caruncle, polyps and papilloma, which should be differentiated and biopsied if necessary. Male urethral cancer is usually seen as urethral obstruction, swelling, periurethral abscess, urinary extravasation, urethral fistula and urethral discharge, and some patients have pain, hematuria or hematospermia. Female urethral cancer is mostly seen in older women. The common symptoms are urethral bleeding and hematuria. Other symptoms include frequent urination, painful urination, burning sensation of urination, difficulty in urination or painful intercourse, and local lumps can be seen or palpated. If the tumor is necrotic, ulcerated or infected, yellow or bloody foul-smelling discharge from the urethra or vagina may be seen. Late symptoms include weight loss, pelvic pain, periurethral abscess, urinary incontinence, urethrovaginal fistula or urinary retention.