Pediatric cerebral palsy is a syndrome caused by non-progressive brain injury and developmental defects from conception to infancy, mainly manifested by motor deficits and postural abnormalities. Reasonable home care plays a good role in promoting the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. What are the methods of home care for children with cerebral palsy? (For cerebral palsy patients who cannot sit, stand or walk alone, their mothers often hold them in their arms. If the posture is not correct, the abnormal posture will be reinforced and prevent the correct posture from forming. Applying the correct method to hold the child with cerebral palsy not only saves energy, but also corrects some abnormal postures of the child; it also stimulates the child’s ability to control the head and neck. For different types of cerebral palsy, different holding methods should be adopted: 1. Spastic cerebral palsy: The mother of the child holds the child’s hip with one hand, holds the child’s shoulder and arm with one hand and puts the child’s arms outstretched and placed on the mother’s two shoulders, and the two legs are separated and placed on the mother’s two hips or one hip before and after; the head can rest on the mother’s shoulder or face to face with the mother. The key to this method of holding is that the child’s legs are separated and the hip and knee joints are flexed, which can correct the abnormal posture of the child with spastic cerebral palsy such as stiff extension of both lower limbs, cross and pointed foot. 2.Hand and foot vertiginous cerebral palsy: For children with hand and foot vertiginous cerebral palsy, the main focus is to control the involuntary movements of the child, so that the child can maintain the stability of posture and position, which is very different from the spastic type. The specific method: Before picking up the child, the parent puts both hands through the armpits behind the child and presses the child’s abdomen with the palm of the hand so that the child’s back clings to his or her body. At the same time, use their own arms to push the child’s arms forward, so that the child’s head can be controlled to tilt back and the scapular belt tightened, so that the head is upright, hands on the front of the body, hold when the parents put the child’s hands on the knees respectively, and hold the child’s hands with their own hands, so that the child’s knees and hips are fully flexed, such a hold can stretch the child’s head and trunk, and provide the child with better Stability, also control the involuntary movements of the child. 1. Hypotonia cerebral palsy: Since the muscle tone is too low, the general principle is not to put the child’s body in an upright position prematurely without adequate support, so as not to cause backward protrusion of the spine and scoliosis deformity. This type of child with cerebral palsy is weak. When parents hold him, besides helping him to curl up his legs and slightly droop his head, the most important thing is to give him a good reliance, like the method of holding a child with tardive dyskinesia. Sleeping posture of children with pediatric cerebral palsy Normal children can lie in bed as they like, but children with pediatric cerebral palsy have difficulty in positioning their heads due to the tension neck reflex, and their heads are inclined to one side for a long time, and their heads are tightly pressed to the pillow. 1. Children with spastic cerebral palsy should not sleep in a supine position for a long time to prevent aggravation of muscle spasm, and it is better for children with spastic cerebral palsy to sleep in a side-lying position, which not only improves the tension of spastic muscles, but also facilitates the symmetry of movements. 2, for children with supine position is prone to shoulder shrugging elbow flexion, hip and knee flexion, long-term this will lead to the risk of this posture hard fixed. So for the child in flexion spasm. So for children with heavy flexion spasms, let him sleep in the prone position, put a pillow on his chest, so that his forearms are stretched forward, and when the child’s head can be lifted or can turn, you can remove the pillow and take the prone position to sleep. Sitting position 1.Leg extension sitting position In the leg extension sitting position, the hip joints are flexed and abducted bilaterally and the knee joints are extended. This position is the best position for sitting training of cerebral palsy patients. In this position, the operator can train the patient with balance training, center transfer, body axis rotation and other training. The method is: first, the child is placed in a supine position with legs apart, the operator faces the child in the middle of the legs, lightly presses the legs on the knee joints to extend them, abducts the hip joints, pulls them up to the sitting position, and then gyrates the shoulders and lumbar region. For children with high extensor muscle tone, the operator reliably sits on the back of the child, with the chest against the child’s back, and the hands pass under the armpits and place them on top of the knee joint to straighten the knee joint, and make the legs separate and press the operator’s legs together, then the operator drives the trunk with itself to perform the corresponding forward-flexion-backward-extension gyration movement. 2.Sitting in the cross-legged position In the cross-legged position, the hip joint is flexed and abducted, and the knee joint is flexed so that the hip is weighted. The operator can first make the child’s head to the side after picking up the child, and make cool knee flexion, hip flexion and abduction, sitting in front of the operator, back against the operator’s body to seek the fulcrum, and then the operator hold the elbow forward, fingers apart on the bed, with hands to support the shoulder or head; for children with mild upper limb spasm, a splint can be used to fix the upper limbs and perform certain head rotation to induce its For children with mild upper limb spasticity, the upper limb can be immobilized with a splint and a certain head rotation to induce the corresponding movement of the trunk. In clinical practice, children with cerebral palsy, due to their poor balance, often spread their legs apart when standing on their knees in order to obtain better stability. In clinical practice, due to their poor balance, children with cerebral palsy often sit in a “W”-shaped posture with the thighs and inner calves on the ground and the hips on the ground in order to gain better stability. For children with cerebral palsy who have severe hip and knee flexion and flexor spasm, the operator must control the hips. Double knee position: The knees are brought together, the knees are flexed 90 degrees, the hips are fully extended and the trunk is in the same plane as the thighs. The operator can hold the child’s hands on both sides of the hip, or drag the hip with one hand and hold the chest with the other, so that the hip can be fully extended to help maintain the correct position of double knee stance: the child can also be made to hold on to a chair or other object to maintain the stability of the trunk. One-knee stance: On the basis of the double-knee stance, one lower limb is flexed 90 degrees at the hip joint and landed on the foot, while the other lower limb remains in the original position. From double knee stance to knee joint, it is the process of shifting the body’s weight from double knee to single knee. For children with cerebral palsy who have difficulty adjusting the weight shift, the single knee stance training must be supported adequately, and the operator must especially control the hips for the purpose of hip extension and knee flexion to keep the upper body upright. At the same time, brightly colored toys that can also make sounds can be hung above the child’s head to induce him or her to reach out and grasp them, which can increase the mobility of the shoulder joints and improve the ability to move the center of gravity. Standing position Standing is the basis for walking. The correct static standing position is to stand straight, with the head centered, the trunk extended, and the shoulders and hips in a horizontal flat position. The dynamic standing position means that the head, trunk and limbs can be moved appropriately while standing, and the balance can be maintained. After the child can maintain the balance in the sitting position, he/she can be trained to stand. 1.Standing support (1) children with hypotonia: use the body to support the child to stand, the operator first fixed the child’s feet, then one hand to support its chest, the other hand to support its knees, if the child’s lumbar and abdominal muscles are weak, the spine can not be fully extended, then use the chest to give support. Make the child stand up. (2) Children with spastic diplegia: The operator first encourages them to stand, and when necessary, gives some support to their knees from behind, and guides them to swing slowly forward, backward, left and right; keeps the body balanced, and trains them to follow the movement of their feet when their bodies are bent forward. 2.Standing against the wall: The operator can help the child stand against the wall with his hands on both sides of his body, arms and trunk against the wall, feet apart and synchronized with the shoulders, and fix the child’s feet and put them flat on the ground. For children with prevertebral convexity, the operator can gently push the abdomen with the hand to stretch the spine or add some gravity to the abdomen so that the child’s center of gravity is perpendicular to the ground and placed between the feet. For children with lumbar and abdominal weakness, the operator holds the child’s shoulders with his hands to achieve the purpose of standing against the wall before fixing the feet, and can use the method of moving his pelvis from side to side to adjust the child’s center of gravity, so that the child’s balance can be further improved. The child’s knees are held in a forward-flexed position at a certain angle so that the knee joints are well controlled. For children with knee joints in forward flexion, the operator can use splints and hands to correct them, and then release the splints after achieving the purpose of making them exert themselves actively. For children with knee joints in hyperextension, the knee joints are fixed, and when they stand against the wall, the hands hold the cool knee joints to make them out of a certain angle of forward flexion, so that the knee joints can be well controlled. For all children with cerebral palsy, learning to stand correctly is the basis for learning to walk correctly, and gradually reducing the support for the child until he or she can stand alone. The correct standing posture is: head in a neutral position, upper body straight, hips and knees straight, legs slightly apart, feet flat on the ground, feet shoulder-width apart. The operator’s hands control the control of the shoulders and waist, the feet are placed on the outer edge of their feet and clamped, the operator’s feet are fixed on the child’s foot surface, and then depending on the situation, the operator’s hands from half off to full detachment from their body approach to train their ability to stand alone, according to the child in the case of detachment from the help of various postures to correct or induce, such as allowing the child’s hands to make forward or backward reaching and other actions to To induce a protective response from the child. At the same time, the operator should calculate the time the child stands and use “one, two, three, four, five ????” The operator should also calculate the time the child has to stand, using “one, two, three, four, five, etc.” to stimulate the child’s motivation, in order to match the various training movements that can be completed, using the method of immobilizing the feet for training. Walking position Step training From standing to walking is actually the process of breaking the static balance of the body to obtain dynamic balance, which is the comprehensive embodiment of dominance, balance and coordination ability. On the basis of the child’s ability to stand alone and stride, stride training can be conducted on a flat surface. At the beginning, the child may be passive, and the operator may first help the child to move the trunk from side to side to gain the ability to adjust the center of gravity. When the child is able to master this action, push forward one shoulder and the same side of the lower limb to induce him/her to step forward, fix the lower limb on that side, and then adopt the same technique to push the other side of the limb to step forward; so on and so forth until the child is able to walk alone. In children who are just walking, the lack of trunk rotation causes internal rotation or basal widening of both lower limbs and uncoordinated movements of both hands and both lower limbs due to poor balance and trunk adjustment during walking. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the gait speed of these children, promote the correct posture of leg lifting, control the stride length, step speed and maintain the appropriate distance between the left and right legs, so that they can obtain the correct movement pattern. Walking training points of attention 1, across the obstacles: should start with the training of the narrow board, and slowly widen and raise the board, and then hold the handrail on the steps for up and down contact, etc.. Walking is a comprehensive embodiment of balance, coordination and dominance. In training the child to walk, you can place some different small toys at intervals in front of the child to induce it to walk faster and farther to increase the speed and walking distance of the child. 2, knee hyperextension of the child: training, the operator hands to control the knee joint to maintain a certain degree of flexion, with language to make the child walk forward. It is worth noting that children with knee hyperextension should strengthen squatting, knee and hip flexion training to enhance the lower limb extension and flexion muscles and muscle capacity of the lower limb, so that they can control their knee hyperextension, stride length and step speed. 3, children with adductor spasm: the child can be made to lower limb abduction to relieve the spasm of the adductor muscle. When practicing walking, the operator can pull the child with both hands, insert the foot or ankle between the legs and step forward. Training can directly correct the child’s feet crossed or toe forward posture, but also can be part of the knee open up and measured walking, can correct and alleviate the tightness of the adductor muscle. 4, not random movement type of children: the first should be to static braking, try to control the frequency of the child’s involuntary movements. As the child walks with irregular stride length and fast stride speed, it is difficult to control when training, so the operator should first control the child’s double lower limbs and feet, control the speed, and instruct the child to master the appropriate stride speed and stride length. Step by step towards the front, colleagues should correct the abnormal exertion and abnormal posture to cause normal movement patterns.