Pediatric feeding I. Breastfeeding 1, the advantages of breastfeeding a. Breast milk is the most ideal natural food for babies, is able to enhance the baby’s immunity. Especially colostrum contains a lot of immunoglobulin. b. Breast milk is a very nutritious, safe, hygienic and economical food. c. Breastfeeding promotes mother-child bonding and is good for the physical and mental health of both the baby and the mother. To summarize, we should strongly advocate breastfeeding. 2.How can mothers have enough breast milk a. Mothers should have enough self-confidence, believe that their own milk can meet the baby’s needs. b. Mothers should be in a good mood and have enough rest. c. Maintain balanced nutrition and drink more soup and juice. d. Let the baby suckle more, especially at night. Note: Babies and mothers with a history of allergy or eczema should be forbidden to eat seafood or spicy food. 3. How to breastfeed a. Actually, breastfeeding is on demand. The baby can eat when he is hungry, or the mother can breastfeed when she feels her breasts rise. b, the baby has a sense of satisfaction after breastfeeding, no bloating, no vomiting, that means the baby is full. c. Each time you breastfeed, make sure your baby suckles for at least twenty minutes, and babies with poorer or weaker physique may suck for more than thirty minutes or longer. d. The baby should suckle at least eight times a day to ensure that the baby’s urine output is at least six to eight times a day. This is what indicates that the baby’s milk supply is more than adequate. e, within six months the baby’s weight will increase by more than 700g per month, and after six months the weight will increase by at least 600g per month. f. There is no need to add any food, including water and juice, when breastfeeding. If you find that your baby’s urine is yellowish in color, it means that your baby does not have enough milk, so let your baby suckle and eat more. 4.Problems encountered in breastfeeding a.Milk overflow: the reason for milk overflow is because of the baby’s developmental problems, especially the digestive tract, the baby’s stomach is in a horizontal position, the entrance is called cardia, which is particularly flaccid, and the exit is called pylorus, which is particularly tightly developed. That’s why babies are prone to breastfeeding after taking milk. What should you do in case of milk overflow After breastfeeding, pick up the baby, hold him vertically and then pat his back and burp him. Change the diaper before breastfeeding and keep the baby in a comfortable position so as not to cause overflow by changing the baby’s position too much after breastfeeding. b, intestinal cramps: especially two or three weeks after birth to four to six months of the baby. Many babies are in the afternoon, some babies are in the evening around 12 o’clock paroxysmal crying, abdominal distension, exhaust more. Most of the babies are caused by their own digestive system development, or the mom ate some cooler food, or the baby’s tummy is cold, etc. What to do in case of intestinal cramps You can supplement cod liver oil. Clockwise massage of the abdomen. Apply hot compresses to the abdomen, be careful not to burn the baby. Some babies can keep their position. There are also some babies who are caused by protein allergy and need to change amino acid milk powder. c. Lactose intolerance: After eating breast milk the baby’s stools are particularly frequent and thin. But the baby’s growth and development is not affected in any way, and all kinds of laboratory tests are normal. This is related to the baby’s intestinal development, is the lack of lactase. What to do if your baby is lactose intolerant After six months of complementary feeding, the stools will be formed and no special treatment is needed. Adding lactase also helps. d. Anorexia: occurs when the baby is about three months old. Anorexia is actually the baby’s intestinal development is relatively mature, absorbed more protein, the baby’s liver and kidney function fatigue, so it will lead to decreased appetite, do not like to eat milk. The anorexia period is usually about ten days to half a month. What to do during the anorexia period Give your baby plenty of water. Mothers don’t need to be too anxious, create a quiet nursing environment for the baby to avoid distraction when the baby is breastfeeding. Dilute the milk. Not as good as when the baby seems to be sleeping. Baby carried out to consume more energy and strength. Rule out the oral cavity, digestive tract and other various diseases, and then consider whether it is anorexia. e. Pacifying breastfeeding: affects the baby’s sleep, is not conducive to the baby’s healthy growth, should be avoided as much as possible. The baby should be put to sleep in the crib to avoid the baby relying on breast milk. Second, formula feeding: 1, add formula milk: a, formula milk types: ordinary milk powder, hydrolyzed protein milk powder, deeply hydrolyzed milk powder, amino acid milk powder, lactose-free milk powder. b. Suitable for the crowd: normal baby: ordinary milk powder. Allergic babies: hydrolyzed protein milk powder, amino acid milk powder. Lactose intolerance: lactose-free formula. 2, conversion of milk powder: it is not recommended to give the baby frequent conversion of milk powder, especially the baby within one year, frequent conversion of milk powder will increase the burden on the digestive tract, causing indigestion. How to convert milk powder: When converting milk powder, mix the two kinds of milk powder together, slowly convert, usually 3-7 days to complete the conversion. At the beginning of the new proportion of milk powder added less, gradually increase, slowly over. Third, when to wean The purpose of breastfeeding is for the baby’s healthy growth and development, if the baby’s growth and development curve is normal, we can not easily give up breastfeeding. But if breastfeeding affects the growth and development of the baby, then we should also add formula milk in due course. In terms of nutrients, the nutrients in breast milk decline from four to six months, and the baby’s development is affected to some extent. From four to six months, you should gradually add complementary foods, from less to more, from thin to thick. In general, it is better to wean between one and one and a half years old, and the World Health Organization advocates weaning between two and three years old.