What are hemorrhoids? It’s a question that’s easy to hang on to, but hard to explain. You can’t see it, but you can feel it. It is unbearable to complain about bleeding in the stool, a little sticking to the paper, a lot like a fountain, or the unbearable feeling of something falling out of the anus when you have a bowel movement and not sending it back. These feelings come and go, and this may have hemorrhoids. Go to your doctor and have an anal finger exam or look at it with an anoscope, and you may have a diagnosis. Hemorrhoids have been known for more than 4,000 years, and there have been numerous theories about them for a long time. Hemorrhoids are also called hemorrhoids or hemorrhoids, which literally means protrusion, and any soft swelling that protrudes from inside or outside the anus is called a hemorrhoid. There are abundant venous plexuses in the lower rectum or anal canal that become hemorrhoids if they dilate or become varicose in one or several places. Hemorrhoids are vascular masses that form when veins in the lower mucosa of the rectum and under the skin of the anal canal become stagnant and varicose. It is only one type of anorectal disease. The hemorrhoids that occur above the dentate line are called internal hemorrhoids, which are covered with rectal mucosa and bleed easily. Hemorrhoids that occur below the dentate line are called external hemorrhoids. They are covered with the mucous membrane of the anal canal and bleed less often. The hemorrhoids formed by the venous plexus above and below the dentate line are called mixed hemorrhoids. The bleeding is mainly in the early stages of the hemorrhoid, but in the later stages, due to local fibrosis, the bleeding will be reduced, but in severe cases, it will lead to embedded hemorrhoids, which will cause severe pain and swelling and produce a lot of mucus, and the patient is often in pain. The human body is full of a rich network of blood vessels in which blood flows and circulates constantly to keep the body’s metabolism going. Normal blood circulation is necessary to maintain a normal physique. Once the blood circulation of any tissue or organ in the body becomes impaired, the body is bound to reflect the corresponding disease. It is usually believed that the formation of hemorrhoids are mainly the following factors: evolutionary factors, four-legged reptiles without hemorrhoids, the reason may be that the four-legged animals torso forward, the anorectum relatively high position, conducive to rectal blood reflux. The human being keeps walking upright, the human being’s uprightness makes the anal position relatively low, due to the effect of gravity the blood vessels around the anus undergo greater tension, coupled with sedentary and standing, weather changes, as well as over-eating spicy food, irregular life, old age and physical weakness can lead to poor circulation of blood vessels around the anus, blood circulation stasis, which is not conducive to rectal blood flow back, depressed in the veins, then contribute to the formation of hemorrhoids. Genetics, increased abdominal pressure, dysentery, enteritis, parasites, anal skin disease, and anal abscesses can damage the rectal mucosa and submucosal muscle layer, causing the blood vessels and other tissues to become brittle and congested and dilated. So hemorrhoids end up as a flexural expansion of blood vessels leading to the formation of a vascular mass, which from the outside looks like a piece of meat protruding inside and outside the anus. Its pathology is observed by the enlargement and varicosity of the venous plexus under the submucosa at the end of the rectum and under the skin of the anal canal, which results in the formation of a vascular mass. Not only is there a large number of highly tortuous and dilated veins within the hemorrhoidal tissue, but also the interstitial tissue of the hemorrhoid is edematous with inflammatory cell infiltration and thrombus formation in some of the vessels. Intermittently, there are small thrombosed venous vessels, and in advanced internal hemorrhoids there can also be dilatation and bending of arterial vessels. Therefore, the pathological changes of hemorrhoids are essentially the same as those caused by varicose veins in other parts of the body, except that the vascular masses or lumps that appear in the anorectum are called hemorrhoids.