Approximately 20-40% of advanced malignancies metastasize to the brain, 8-10% of which have significant brain symptoms, and approximately half of patients with brain symptoms will die within 3-27 months of diagnosis. With the emergence of new targeted drugs and the rise of immunotherapy, the treatment of brain metastases has become increasingly complex and individualized, and survival time varies greatly among patients with brain metastases. The survival time of patients with brain metastases varies completely depending on the patient’s clinical status, the clinical features of the brain metastases and the control of the primary disease, as well as the treatment approach taken, such as surgery, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Surgical resection of metastatic lesions plays a key role in larger, solitary, symptomatic brain metastases. In Patchell and colleagues’ study of brain metastases, they found that surgical resection of a single brain metastasis with radiation therapy was associated with a longer survival time and less susceptibility to local recurrence than radiation therapy alone. However, not all patients with brain metastases are suitable for surgical treatment, and the length of survival of patients with brain metastases after surgery is also influenced by several factors. Several scales are available to help predict survival time and to help clinicians confirm whether patients with brain metastases are suitable for surgical treatment. The Karnofsky Functional Status Scale (KFS), which evaluates a patient’s global functional status, indicates that a score of less than 70 indicates poor outcome and is not suitable for surgical treatment. The SIR (Scoreindexforradiosurgery) prognostic scoring system integrates age, KPS score, extracranial tumor control, number of brain metastases, volume of most brain metastases and other indicators to assess the total score. The higher the score, the better the prognosis, with a median survival of 31.38 months for a SIR score of 8-10. In addition, there are also Basicscoreforbrainmetastases, GPA index, etc., which can also help to determine the suitability of surgical treatment and predict survival time. Overall, after the occurrence of brain metastases, patients need to be evaluated comprehensively whether they are suitable and need surgery, and if they are suitable for surgical treatment, patients are generally in better condition and have longer survival time than other patients with brain metastases.