The risk factors for stroke are complex and varied, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, atrial fibrillation, poor lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and nutrition), overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, high homocysteine, transient ischaemic attack and severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery.
In addition, stenosis and occlusion of intracranial and external arteries, cerebral artery embolism, haemodynamic factors, haematological factors, inflammation, infection, lupus erythematosus, nodular aortitis and rheumatoid arthritis may all contribute to cerebral infarction; while aneurysms, cerebral artery malformations and trauma may trigger cerebral haemorrhage.