Strict self-monitoring of blood glucose during pregnancy is important to improve perinatal outcomes, and keeping blood glucose in the appropriate range is effective in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy can lead to adverse maternal and infant outcomes, and the incidence of adverse outcomes increases as maternal blood glucose levels rise. The goal of glucose management in pregnant women with hyperglycemia is to keep the blood glucose level close to normal through blood glucose monitoring, reasonable diet and exercise therapy, and to add insulin therapy if the blood glucose is still higher than the control target. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is the most effective and practical method of blood glucose monitoring. At present, there are two methods commonly used by domestic scholars to monitor blood glucose. One is the “big profile” of monitoring blood glucose seven times a day: measuring blood glucose at 0:00, 30 min before three meals and 2 h after three meals, which can comprehensively understand the overall blood glucose level of pregnant women, and is suitable for monitoring when GDM is first diagnosed and when the blood glucose control before meals is unsatisfactory; the second is the “small profile” of monitoring blood glucose four times a day. “small profile”: measuring fasting and 3 postprandial 2 h blood glucose, this method is suitable for regular monitoring of blood glucose during GDM treatment, which can understand the level of blood glucose control and guide the adjustment of insulin dosage. For pregnant women with GDM who need insulin therapy, monitoring postprandial blood glucose is more meaningful than preprandial blood glucose. The incidence of macrosomia, cesarean section and neonatal hypoglycemia are reduced in pregnant women with postprandial glucose control of <7.8 mmol/L compared with those with preprandial glucose control of 3.3~5.9 mmol/L. Some scholars also consider that 1 h postprandial glucose is closer to the peak glucose level and advocate monitoring 1 h postprandial glucose. The results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of GDM patients can also be referred to. If the OGTT of a patient only shows abnormal blood glucose 1 h after taking sugar, but fasting and blood glucose 2 h after taking sugar are normal, monitoring 1 h postprandial blood glucose is better to reflect the changes of blood glucose. It is recommended to monitor micro glucose at each maternity checkup, the more frequent the monitoring, the less complications.