If a newborn has a hearing problem, otoacoustic emission should be done to determine whether the problem is conductive, cochlear, or brainstem. The details are as follows: 1. If the problem is cochlear in nature, surgery is done, i.e. cochlear implant; 2. If the problem is only conductive, there is usually a problem with the auditory chain, such as malformation of the auditory chain, reconstruction of the auditory chain is needed; 3. For older children or normal adults, if they are deaf, ask if there is a history of otitis media and check the condition of the ear canal and eardrum. CT of the middle ear is done to determine whether there are any structural abnormalities, and from electrical measurements to otoacoustic emissions to brainstem response audiometry to determine whether the deafness is conductive, middle ear, or central, and to take the appropriate treatment according to the cause.4. Treatment of senile deafness is more difficult because senile deafness is usually sensorineural, and sensorineural deafness is organ-degenerative hearing loss, which is relatively tricky to treat.