Image-guided surgery, also known as image-guided surgery, is actually surgery guided by anatomical and/or functional images. Neurological navigation is one of the most important adjuncts in neurosurgery. It can guide the course of surgery and position the surgical operation intraoperatively in order to improve the degree of resection and protect function. Especially for junior neurosurgeons, it can be of great help and shorten the learning curve. One problem with navigation is that the localization is based on preoperative images. We know that during surgery, brain tissue will drift, and in severe cases there can be 2-3 cm or even more displacement, and there is no pattern to the drift and it cannot be predicted scientifically. Intraoperatively, if the preoperative images are still used as the basis, it would be similar to carving out the brain. Intraoperative MRI, which means scanning MRI during surgery, can provide intraoperative MRI images for updated navigation and solve the problem of brain drift. Intraoperative ultrasound can correct brain drift, but the resolution is too low and the boundaries defined by ultrasound are less reliable than those of MRI. Another important issue is that all current imaging methods that show tumor boundaries (CT, MRI, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, etc.) underestimate the extent of glioma infiltration. The extent of resection for procedures based on image navigation is actually inadequate, and there is no good method to determine the extent of glioma invasion at present. Expanded resection requires the concept of functionally guided surgery, that is, resection all the way to the localized cortical and subcortical functional structure boundaries. Truly maximum safe resection is achieved. Image-guided surgery has certain limitations and requires the concept of function-guided surgery, that is, the concept of weakening the tumor boundary and strengthening the functional boundary to truly achieve maximum safe resection.