”The child is coughing and shortness of breath again, O doctor! What should we do?” This is the voice we often hear from parents seeking help. We know that the onset of asthma in children is becoming more and more common because of the poor resistance of the respiratory tract and the tendency to catch colds; at the same time, they may be frequently exposed to various allergens. For typical asthma, there is now a formal treatment plan. Your doctor will give your child a treatment plan for acute attacks and long-term control based on global asthma control protocols, with regular (1 to 3 months) follow-up visits. Inhaled glucocorticosteroids are the most effective long-term preventive medication for asthma control in the world today, with few systemic side effects, and they allow children to achieve good control and complete control of their asthma. Prevention of asthma is crucial and the preventive treatment should be properly followed in the interval after the attack is controlled and according to the protocol given by the doctor. Of course, it is also important to prevent colds, identify and avoid asthma triggers, exercise and eat properly. In order to get rid of your child’s asthma, it is necessary to go to a regular hospital and follow the correct preventive treatment. If your child does the above instructions and still has recurrent asthma, it is necessary to find the cause. We need to know that not all children with wheezing symptoms are asthmatic, there are other conditions that may cause coughing and wheezing, we need to identify them, common ones are ① chronic rhinitis, sinusitis: children with coughing and wheezing at the same time there is nasal itching, sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, etc., then we need to treat nose problems at the same time; ② foreign body inhalation: children may have foreign body inhalation of the airway, and Parents are not clear about the history of inhalation, the child may repeatedly cough and wheeze, sometimes choking is not obvious, the chest X-ray is also normal, then only through fiberoptic bronchoscopy to confirm the diagnosis and treatment; ③ lower respiratory tract infection: many pathogens can infect our children, such as mycoplasma, chlamydia, cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, etc., these special pathogens infection, causing children repeatedly cough and wheeze, long-term recurrent episodes will evolve. The prognosis is very poor. Therefore, once a child has a prolonged cough and shortness of breath, we should think about the possibility of the above infections and promptly check and treat them; ④ Tuberculosis: children with a history of tuberculosis exposure may have fatigue, night sweats, low fever, weight loss, cough, shortness of breath, and sometimes superficial lymph node enlargement. (5) congenital developmental abnormalities: such as congenital airway malformations (laryngeal webbing, hemangiomas, polyps, etc.), congenital laryngeal wheezing, tracheal softening, primary cilia immobility syndrome, etc., which need to be diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy and other examinations; (6) gastroesophageal reflux: when the child eats Reflux occurs after eating, there are inflammatory changes in the esophageal mucosa, and reflux can cause reflex tracheal spasm and coughing and wheezing, which can be diagnosed by barium swallow X-ray examination and 24-hour PH monitoring of the esophagus. Asthma is a common disease in pediatrics, and most of them can be relieved if children can get timely and correct diagnosis and prevention. Adhering to long-term standardized treatment, the future of children with asthma is still full of hope.