Stroke is very common in life, and only scientific prevention can keep away from stroke and lead a happy life. With its high morbidity, mortality, disability and recurrence rate, stroke greatly endangers the health of people, especially the middle-aged and elderly people. So, how can health care prevent cerebrovascular disease?
I. Primary prevention
For those who have not had a stroke, we should identify and treat treat treatable risk factors to reduce the possibility of cerebrovascular disease, and the primary prevention measures are different for different people.
1.Rational diet to prevent “disease from the mouth”
The improvement of living standards has led to a significant increase in various meat products on our table, which will increase the risk of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Here to remind everyone should pay attention to a reasonable diet, in addition to additional meat food on the table, daily fruits and vegetables can not be missing. Many people prefer hot pot, but for those who are fat or have been found to suffer from hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and other diseases, it is important to pay attention to a proper diet.
People with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, restaurant hot pot ingredients salty, after the meal because of the large amount of water is easy to increase blood volume, aggravating hypertension. Therefore, do not overly pursue the taste when eating, should use less seasoning. In addition
In addition, after eating shabu-shabu, blood lipids increase in a short period of time, and the viscosity of blood increases, which can induce a stroke, so you should choose less fatty beef, fatty lamb, fatty sausage, etc., and more seafood such as fish.
2, the appropriate amount of water to reduce blood viscosity
Increase the amount of water, especially should not excessively control the intake of water before bed. Some studies have shown that stroke is likely to occur at dawn when you get up and just after you get up, because at this time the blood viscosity is large, easy to form thrombosis blocking blood vessels. Some people, especially in order to reduce the number of times they get up at night and sleep well, start to control the amount of water they drink after dinner, thus increasing blood viscosity. Winter is a relatively dry season of the year, coupled with winter heating, the air humidity in the room is not enough, limiting water will make the water in the blood more inadequate, increasing the chance of stroke. Therefore, it is not advisable to restrict water excessively before 8 p.m. For those who do urinate at night, or the next morning when there is facial edema and should not drink water at night, you can also use the measures of slowing down the action of getting up and drink a glass of warm water first after getting up in the morning. It should be reminded that drinking water before going to bed does not include drinking tea or coffee or the like, because it has a diuretic effect, will promote the discharge of water, increasing blood viscosity. In addition, if you take a bath, you should drink a glass of water before and after the bath to replenish the water lost in the body due to the bath.
3.Prevent the cold and keep warm, avoid “evil from outside”
In winter, the tolerance of the elderly to the ambient temperature is obviously reduced, and when they encounter cold stimulation, the adrenal secretion activity will increase, prompting the blood circulation to speed up to resist the cold. But at the same time, the increase of hormones secreted by the adrenal glands will cause vasoconstriction and blood pressure to rise, and the high blood pressure will cause cerebral hemorrhage, and the accelerated blood flow has the risk of blocking cerebral blood vessels by dislodging atheromatous plaques. In addition, the cold air will make the blood vessel contraction, lumen thinning, if the lumen has a large number of lipid deposits and hardened plaque, it is easy to make the blood flow is blocked. Especially at night, when thinly dressed to leave the warmth of the nest to get up, this cold stimulation will be more obvious. Therefore, in winter, in addition to the elderly should be timely increase and decrease clothing according to the temperature changes to avoid getting cold, night up should pay more attention to keep warm.
4, smooth mood and more exercise, so that the “positive energy within”
Keep your mood relaxed and stable, not only can reduce the incidence of stroke disease by reducing emotional stimulation, but also help to improve the body’s immunity, as the saying goes, “calmness and emptiness, the true qi from the, the spirit of internal collection, the disease is safe from”. In addition, many people will choose indoor activities because of the cold in winter, the amount of exercise significantly reduced. And winter often due to appetite, and over-eating. At this time, if the lack of exercise will reduce the amount of heat consumption, fat accumulation, resulting in obesity. The alternation of cold and warm air will also have a certain impact on people’s physiology and psychology, emotional instability, which can easily induce a stroke. Therefore, in the winter should still adhere to the appropriate amount of outdoor exercise, which can help burn excess calories, but also through a wealth of cultural and sports activities, to increase communication with others and adjust the mentality. But the amount of exercise should not be too much, should not sweat profusely, to “slightly like sweating” as the degree, that is, the body is hot but not yet sweating can be. Activities should also pay attention to the gradual and gradual, according to the ability to do. Daily morning exercise should be arranged after the sun comes out, when the temperature will rise, Yang Qi is more abundant, so as to avoid the cold air stimulation to make the blood vessels suddenly contracted to induce stroke accidents.
5.Proactive control of various risk factors
The risk factors of cerebrovascular disease that cannot be intervened are age, gender, race, and family heredity. And some major risk factors that can be intervened are: hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, dyslipidemia, carotid artery stenosis, etc. In the primary prevention of stroke disease, we can proactively control various risk factors by changing unhealthy lifestyles at an early stage, so as to keep cerebrovascular disease from occurring or delay the age of onset.
①High blood pressure is recommended to.
(1) Take the initiative to care about your blood pressure. Those ≥35 years old should have their blood pressure measured once a year, and those with hypertension should have their blood pressure measured frequently in order to adjust the amount of medication. (2) Hospitals should establish a system for measuring blood pressure in adults at the first visit.
(3) Early or mild patients should be treated first with lifestyle changes, and those with poor results for 3 months should be treated with additional anti-hypertensive drugs.
(2) Heart disease recommendations.
(1) People ≥ 40 years of age should have regular medical checkups for early detection of heart disease.
(2) Patients diagnosed with heart disease should actively seek treatment from a specialist.
(3) For patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, anticoagulation therapy with Warfarin is available.
(4) Patients at high risk of coronary artery disease should also take low-dose aspirin 50-150 mg/d or other anti-platelet aggregation drugs.
(3) For diabetes mellitus it is recommended that.
(1) People with risk factors for cardiovascular disease should have their blood glucose measured regularly.
(2) Diabetic patients should first control their diet and strengthen physical exercise. If the blood sugar control is still unsatisfactory in 2-3 months, oral hypoglycemic drugs or treatment with insulin should be chosen.
(3) Diabetic patients should more actively treat hypertension, control weight and lower cholesterol level.
④Recommendations for dyslipidemia.
(1) Those with dyslipidemia, especially combined with other risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and smoking, should first change their unhealthy lifestyles and have their blood lipids reviewed regularly. Those whose lifestyle changes are ineffective should be treated with medication.
(2) Patients with previous history of transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke or coronary artery disease and TC>5mmol/L are treated with statins. Select fibrates for those with elevated triglycerides (TG).
⑤ Smoking recommendations.
(1) Quit smoking.
(2) Intervention for smokers.
(3) Set up smoke-free areas in public places to reduce the harm of passive smoking.
(6) Alcohol consumption recommendations.
(1) Small amounts of alcohol are not advocated for non-drinkers to prevent cardiovascular disease.
(2) Drinkers should drink in moderation and not abuse alcohol.
(7) Carotid artery stenosis is recommended.
(1) Prefer antiplatelet agents such as aspirin or statins for treatment.
(2) For patients with severe carotid sole stenosis (>70%), carotid endarterectomy or endovascular intervention can be considered where available.
(8) Obesity recommendations.
(1) Advise overweight and obese people to increase physical activity and other measures to reduce weight.
(2) Promote healthy lifestyles and good dietary habits.
⑨ Other risk factors
(1) Hyperhomocysteinemia. Plasma concentration increases with age.
(2) Metabolic syndrome. Including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, etc.
(3) Lack of physical activity. Moderate physical activity at least 3-4 times a week, no less than 30 minutes each time.
(4) Irrational diet and nutrition. Diversify the daily dietary variety to achieve a balance between energy intake and needs, and the intake of various nutrients tends to be reasonable, and salt intake should be limited (<6g/day).
(5) Try to avoid long-term application of oral contraceptives.
(6) Pro-coagulation risk factors.
Remember the STR three steps to recognize the precursors of stroke.
People suffering from hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, diabetes, atrial fibrillation and other diseases belong to the high-risk group of stroke disease. In addition to taking the corresponding medications regularly according to medical advice, they should also take long-term aspirin or clopidogrel and other drugs to prevent platelet aggregation and thrombosis. In addition to observing the symptoms of the original disease, patients and family members should also pay attention to those new symptoms, such as whether the color of discharged stool becomes black (gastrointestinal bleeding), whether there is bleeding when brushing teeth, etc. If there is any abnormal change, they should seek medical consultation in time. In addition, some data show that the disability rate of patients with cerebral infarction treated within 3 to 6 hours of onset is 40% lower than that of those treated after 6 hours. In fact, when recurrent vertigo, tinnitus, deafness, unstable walking, slurred speech or numbness of hands and shoulders appear suddenly, it indicates the precursor of thrombosis, or thrombosis has already formed, and prompt medical attention should be sought.
For further confirmation, the next person can ask three simple questions for initial identification of stroke.
S : Ask the patient to smile
T: Ask the patient to say a simple sentence (in an organized and coherent manner), e.g., it is a sunny day.
R: Ask the patient to raise his or her hands.
Another sign of a stroke is to ask the patient to stick out his or her tongue, if it is bent or tilted to one side, this is also a sign of stroke.
If any of the above four actions cannot be done, the patient should call 120 immediately and describe the symptoms to the operator to avoid missing the best time for treatment.
Secondary prevention
Secondary prevention aims to prevent re-stroke in patients who have already had TIA, mini-stroke, complete stroke and retinal ischemia, and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. After a stroke patient has been treated and has passed the danger period, most of them have different degrees of sequelae, such as hemiplegia, speech impairment, and inflexibility of limbs, etc. Patients should be encouraged to exercise their limbs and be persistent. Life lies in exercise, but it should be done gradually and according to ability, and the family should accompany the exercise at the beginning to prevent falls. According to the specific situation of each person, choose the appropriate exercise, such as moving the limbs, turning and sitting, walking, doing aerobics, playing tai chi, etc. Moderate exercise can increase visceral adaptability, which is a good way to prevent the recurrence of stroke, and is also good for balancing blood pressure.
1, diet should be light, eat less animal fat and cholesterol-containing foods, such as fatty meat, animal offal, eggs (no more than 3 per week), eat more vegetables, fruits and soy products, and eat fish at least 3 times a week if possible. Low-salt diet, salt is limited to 6 grams per day. In addition, you can often drink some hawthorn soup, chrysanthemum water, juice, etc.
2, eat less sweets, especially control the consumption of white granulated sugar, cotton white sugar, sweet pastry and chocolate. Long-term consumption of sugar will be converted into fat, so that blood lipids rise, easily cause obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease.
3, often observe changes in blood pressure, prevent sudden high and low, keep blood pressure stable. According to the doctor’s instructions, use the medication on time and in accordance with the amount, do not believe in propaganda advertising. If the mouth and tongue and limbs numbness, nausea and vomiting, etc., should promptly go to the hospital to prevent accidents
4, regular body check, such as blood glucose, blood lipids and blood rheology, because blood viscosity, blood lipids, blood glucose, platelet agglutination increased, resulting in smaller diameter, slow blood flow, can make micro-embolism into the brain blood vessels blocking cerebral vessels, again induced stroke, therefore, remind the cerebrovascular patients to regularly (4 to 8 months) to the hospital to check the body, so as to have a good idea, prevention before it happens.
If you know these prevention strategies well, I believe it will bring “benefits” to you and those around you and keep stroke away.