The incidence of diabetes in China is showing a rapid growth trend, and it is predicted that the total number of people with diabetes in China will increase to 80 million to 100 million this year. The terrible thing about diabetes is that it harms blood vessels throughout the body, and damage to large blood vessels can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, while damage to microvessels occurs in the fundus and kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy occurs in about 20-30% of type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients and is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and a major cause of end-stage renal disease. In our regular outpatient hemodialysis patients, 21.5% of them are on dialysis due to diabetic nephropathy and 14% of them are on peritoneal dialysis, which shows that diabetes has become the main force of chronic kidney disease, so early prevention and treatment is the key. Due to the lack of awareness of diabetic nephropathy, diabetic patients often only pay attention to monitoring blood glucose, ignoring the screening of kidney disease, allowing diabetic nephropathy “sneak attack” to succeed. Therefore, we should educate the whole society about diabetes and the correlation between diabetes and kidney disease, and raise the health awareness of the nation, so as to improve the early diagnosis and control rate of diabetes and prevent the occurrence of important complications such as uremia. As the old saying goes, “the best way to treat a disease is to take measures to prevent it before it occurs. For diabetic patients, the following points should be noted to prevent and delay the deterioration of kidney function. 1. Monitor and strictly control blood sugar and blood pressure. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) showed that good glycemic control halved the incidence of type 1 diabetic nephropathy and reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetic nephropathy by one-third. Hypertension can accelerate the progression and deterioration of diabetic nephropathy, and the importance of lowering blood pressure in the case of kidney damage even exceeds that of glycemic control. Active intervention for people with diabetes with hypertension can effectively prevent diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications. 2.Scientific and reasonable diet. Adhere to the dietary principles of low salt, low protein, low cholesterol and low fat. In the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, protein intake should be limited to 0.5 g/(kg?d)~0.8 g/(kg?d) standard body weight. For patients who already have a lot of proteinuria, edema and renal insufficiency, the principle of limited quality preservation should be adopted, with 0.6 g/kg standard body weight per day as appropriate, while supplementing essential amino acids to reduce metabolic waste and ensure the needs of the body. 3. Avoid the use of drugs that may damage the kidneys. In particular, avoid the use of antipyretic and analgesic drugs, contrast agents and some ancestral recipes that claim to treat “diabetes” to avoid the deterioration of kidney disease. 4, regular testing to assess whether there is kidney damage. In general, protein in the urine often exceeds 30-300 mg/day, which can be regarded as microalbuminuria, and over time, it can turn into dominant proteinuria, and the frequent occurrence of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients indicates an early sign of diabetic nephropathy. The rate of urinary albumin excretion should be evaluated annually beginning with the diagnosis. For all adults with diabetes, regardless of the rate of urinary albumin excretion, serum creatinine should be measured at least annually to assess glomerular filtration rate and to stage chronic kidney disease. If the primary cause of nephropathy is unclear (active urinary precipitation, absence of retinopathy, rapid decline in GFR), management is difficult or the nephropathy is severe, prompt referral to nephrology should be made. In summary, diabetes has become the main force of chronic kidney disease, once kidney damage occurs, persistent proteinuria is irreversible and rapidly progresses to end-stage renal failure, becoming the main cause of death in diabetic patients and causing a huge burden to individuals, families and society. Therefore, we emphasize that diabetic patients, especially type 2 diabetes, should contact with nephrology early and often from the time of diagnosis, in order to detect kidney damage early and treat it early.