The human heart has four valves, which are like four one-way “valves” to ensure the one-way flow of blood and flow, and a normal heart valve can pass sufficient blood flow when open, and no blood return when closed. Due to congenital or acquired reasons, the heart valves lose their normal anatomical structure and physiological function, and when they open, blood flow is blocked, i.e., heart valve stenosis; when they close, blood flows back, i.e., heart valve insufficiency; sometimes the same valve has both stenosis and insufficiency. Heart valve disease refers to the impairment of heart function caused by anatomical and/or functional changes in the heart valves. They can be divided into two categories: congenital and acquired, the latter of which can be divided into rheumatic and nonrheumatic heart valve disease. Congenital heart valve malformations are primarily the result of disorders that occur during embryonic development (especially in the first trimester of pregnancy). Rheumatic heart valve disease is the result of rheumatic disease involving the heart valves and recurrent attacks, which develop over a long period of time. Rheumatic heart disease accounts for the first place of heart valve disease in our population, with more women than men. Acquired non-rheumatic heart disease includes age-related non-rheumatic heart valve lesions, traumatic heart valve lesions, infective endocarditis, heart valve lesions caused by coronary artery disease, and heart valve lesions caused by valve mucus degeneration. Clinical manifestations include panic, shortness of breath, dyspnea, swelling of the lower extremities, and oliguria, and in severe cases, arrhythmia, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, and even shock. Sudden cardiac death due to severe heart valve disease is not uncommon. Rheumatic heart valve disease is prone to arrhythmias, the most common of which are atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, when blood cannot flow smoothly into the left ventricle, and it is easy for wall thrombus to occur on the inner wall of the left atrium, and once the thrombus is dislodged, organ embolism will occur. Cerebral artery embolism is the most common, and cerebral embolism can lead to paralysis of one side of the limb, distortion of the mouth and aphasia, which can seriously affect life and threaten life. Heart valve disease can be treated with medication, but the treatment is not effective; most patients need surgery to completely eradicate the disease, which is effective and can completely eradicate the disease. Heart valve repair: Surgery to repair damaged heart valves is the preferred method of valve treatment and is only appropriate for a small percentage of patients. Heart valve replacement: Surgery to replace the damaged valve with an artificial valve to achieve a good treatment effect. After heart valve surgery, it is important to take anticoagulant medications on a regular basis and to monitor regularly to maintain coagulation indicators within the prescribed range. Patients with combined atrial fibrillation can undergo radiofrequency ablation at the same time as surgery to improve symptoms and reduce the incidence of postoperative cerebral embolism.