Insomnia is usually a subjective experience of unsatisfactory sleep duration and/or quality that affects social functioning during the day. Due to the increasing competition, work and life stress in today’s society, insomnia has become a common disorder that affects people of all ages. Insomnia is a common physiological and psychological disorder with a high incidence; according to the 2002 Global Insomnia Survey, 43.4% of Chinese people have experienced insomnia to varying degrees in the past year, and about 20% of them have chosen to use sedative-hypnotic drugs to solve their insomnia problems. According to a statistical data from the Ministry of Health of China, the number of insomniacs in China has reached 1.2-1.4 million, and the insomnia rate is as high as 10%-20%. As the experts estimate, there will be about 700 million insomniacs in the world by 2020. Insomnia can occur in a wide range of people, whether male or female, healthy or not, elderly or young. Bixler et al. surveyed 1006 representative households in the Los Angeles area and found that the incidence of insomnia was 39.8% among people over the age of 50. It is clear that getting a good night’s sleep for everyone is a major global issue. What is considered insomnia? The Chinese Medical Association has developed the following diagnostic criteria: (1) prolonged sleep latency (i.e., difficulty falling asleep): more than 30 minutes to fall asleep; (2) sleep maintenance disorder: ≥2 awakenings during the night or early awakening in the early morning; (3) decreased sleep quality: shallow sleep, excessive dreaming; (4) shortened total sleep time: usually less than 6 hours; (5) residual daytime effects: feeling dizzy the next morning, mental drowsiness, fatigue, etc. How is human sleep regulated? Current research shows that some neuropeptides in human body are related to sleep; for example, appetite peptide is a small molecular neuropeptide synthesized and secreted in the lateral hypothalamus with the effect of promoting food intake. It has various neuromodulatory functions and not only affects the body’s feeding behavior, but also participates in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, and is an important hypothalamic neuropeptide in the wake pathway. At present, there are clinical studies on the treatment of insomnia by the antagonist of appetite peptide (orexin) receptor 1 and receptor 2, “Amorunt”, which has shown a good prospect. In addition, neuropeptide Y, has a regulatory effect on sleep. It has been shown that neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y receptors are present in several structures related to the sleep-wake cycle in the brain. Neuropeptide Y has benzodiazepine effects, and repeated intravenous administration of neuropeptide Y to normal young males can shorten sleep latency, increase the duration of phase 2 sleep, and shorten the duration of first fast-acting eye sleep. Vasoactive intestinal peptide, a neuropeptide with multiple biological effects, is a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic vasodilator that is thought to be associated with sleep regulation, particularly stimulating fast-acting eye sleep. Studies on the regulatory role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in human sleep have shown that it increases the duration of fast-acting and non-fast-acting sleep, decreases the number of non-fast-acting-fast-acting cycles, and has a tendency to increase the fast-acting/non-fast-acting ratio. In addition, there are leptin, neuropeptide S, etc., which are also related to sleep regulation. When the author treated a patient with recurrent chronic pyelonephritis with thymidine 5 years ago, he found that the patient’s original insomnia of 32 years showed improvement 8 days after thymidine treatment; it was prolonged from 3-4 hours to 5 hours of sleep per night, and the number of night waking 3-4 times was reduced to 1 time. Sleep returned to normal after more than 2 years of treatment without medication. Inspired by this case, they selected 50 patients of all types who needed treatment with thymidine and had insomnia at the same time for further study over 5 years; the results showed that the efficiency of treatment was 70% and 30% of them recovered normal sleep, i.e. patients who had insomnia for several months and also patients who had insomnia for decades. After the treatment, the patients’ sleep time was significantly prolonged, the difficulty in falling asleep was improved or disappeared, and the number of night waking was significantly reduced; half of them were taking sleeping pills, and after using thymidine, all the effective cases stopped using sleeping pills; moreover, the sleep time after using thymidine was not statistically different from that when taking sleeping pills, suggesting that thymidine is as effective as sleeping pills in treating insomnia; their study suggests that thymidine may be Their study suggests that thymidine may be an effective drug for insomnia, and the results of this study will be published in a core medical journal. The results of this study will be published in a core medical journal. More studies are needed to confirm the effect of thymidine and the mechanism of treatment is still to be investigated.