Primary hypertension is a cardiovascular syndrome with elevated arterial pressure in the body circulation as the main clinical manifestation, referred to as hypertension. Hypertension is defined as an office systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg without the use of antihypertensive drugs. There is no cure for essential hypertension, and the aim of antihypertensive treatment is to reduce complications and mortality and improve the quality of survival in patients with hypertension. Treatment principles include (1) therapeutic lifestyle interventions: low salt, low fat, high potassium diet, weight control, smoking and alcohol cessation, appropriate exercise, and peace of mind; (2) targets for antihypertensive drug therapy: patients with grade 2 or higher hypertension, those with grade 1 hypertension who do not achieve the target through lifestyle improvement, and those with hypertension with concomitant complications; (3) blood pressure control target: <140/90 mmHg; (4) multiple cardiovascular Synergistic control of multiple risk factors: In addition to effective blood pressure control, the antihypertensive program needs to take into account the control of multiple risk factors such as glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and uric acid metabolism. At present, primary hypertension is mostly treated with antihypertensive drugs, which should follow the principles of starting with small doses, preferentially choosing long-acting agents, combining drugs and individualization. The initial treatment is in small doses, which are gradually increased as needed; as far as possible, long-acting drugs with a continuous 24-hour antihypertensive effect are used once a day; when the efficacy of single drugs at low doses is unsatisfactory, two or more drugs are combined to reduce toxicity and increase effectiveness; the choice of antihypertensive drugs is based on the patient's individual resistance and economic conditions. There are five major categories of antihypertensive drugs in clinical use: diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide), beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol), calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine controlled-release tablets), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (e.g., captopril), and angiotensin II receptor blockers (e.g., valsartan). Regarding the choice of antihypertensive treatment regimen, most uncomplicated patients can be treated with one of the five categories above alone, starting with a small dose. For practical clinical application, combination antihypertensive therapy is recommended for grade 2 hypertension and hypertension with comorbidities. The main recommended application of optimal combination therapy regimens are: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers + dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers + thiazide diuretics; dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers + thiazide diuretics; dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers + beta-blockers. The use of a rational treatment regimen can improve patient compliance with treatment and can generally bring blood pressure up to standard within 3-6 months. Patients with hypertension need long-term antihypertensive treatment without randomly stopping treatment or frequently changing the treatment regimen, and patients should maintain good communication with their physicians so as to improve the control rate of hypertension and improve patients' quality of life.