To promote asthma prevention and control globally, the World Health Organization has designated the first Tuesday in May as World Asthma Day. The prevalence of asthma in many developed countries is now over 10%. In recent years, the incidence of asthma in China has continued to increase. The Chinese Pediatric Asthma Collaborative Group surveyed the prevalence of asthma in Chinese children aged 0-14 years in 1988-1990, with an average of 0.11-2.03%, and the same survey was conducted again in 2000 after 10 years. “(the proportion of children with asthma attacks in the past two years) was 0.5-3.34%, and the national average was 1.54%. Only 1% of asthma patients living in cities (Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, etc.) received formal treatment, and within one year, 33% of patients had seen an emergency room, 16% had been hospitalized, 25% (20%) had absenteeism (missed school), 42% had never had pulmonary function monitoring, and the state of asthma control in rural and remote areas was even more worrisome. Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease (predominantly allergic inflammation) and therefore treatment with safe and effective drugs that suppress airway inflammation (e.g. inhaled glucocorticoids) is the basic means of treatment, while other control measures include environmental (allergen and other triggers) control, patient education, and allergen-specific immunotherapy (desensitization). Although controlling asthma is costly from the patient’s and society’s point of view, incorrect treatment of asthma can be more costly, not only because repeated acute attacks make medical expenditures more expensive, but also because they may lead to the development of serious complications (pulmonary heart disease, respiratory failure, etc.), and severe acute attacks can even lead to death. Some patients have concerns about the safety of inhaled glucocorticosteroids, leading them not to comply with their doctors’ treatment plans and not to take standardized long-term control, losing a great opportunity to control their disease and gain a normal quality of life. In fact, numerous studies have shown that the commonly used inhaled glucocorticosteroids (budesonide, fluticasone), when used at the recommended doses, are not only effective but also have a very good safety profile, do not affect the growth and development of children, and when children’s asthma is effectively controlled, their growth and development will be significantly improved. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (montelukast sodium) are useful in the treatment of both allergic rhinitis and asthma. Some asthma patients reduce or discontinue the drug on their own after their symptoms are controlled. It is recommended that asthma patients should be treated under medical supervision and should not adjust their regimen on their own to avoid loss of control of the disease or even serious, life-threatening acute exacerbations. The diagnosis of asthma is underestimated in some primary care hospitals and requires careful analysis of patients with recurrent episodes of cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness, dyspnea and other respiratory symptoms, especially those with combined allergic rhinitis (recurrent sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, nasal itching with itchy eyes) or those with allergic diseases in the family, to avoid underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. It is also important to note that the following reasons can affect the outcome of asthma treatment: incorrect medication use (improper use of inhalation devices, improper timing of control and relievers, inadequate medication doses, etc.), persistent exposure to allergens or other asthma triggers, chronic smoking, presence of comorbidities (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux, chronic rhinosinusitis, obesity, respiratory tract infections, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, etc.), some Drugs (such as beta-blockers, non-steroidal antipyretics and analgesics such as aspirin), etc. The old Chinese folk saying “internal medicine does not treat asthma” has long since ceased to be used. With timely and correct diagnosis, long-term standardized treatment and management based on inhaled glucocorticoids, asthma can be completely controlled: nearly 80% of asthma patients can achieve clinical control of asthma, and their quality of life is close to normal, with no significant disturbances in exercise, work and life, and normal lung function.