The purpose of treatment for lumbar disc herniation is to eliminate or relieve pain, restore and improve nerve function, thus relieving pain and restoring the patient’s work, and there are various treatment methods according to its pathology and condition, including surgical treatment, conservative treatment, and interventional treatment. The early results of conservative treatment and surgical treatment are 87, 92% and 95, 78% respectively, but after two years, the results are 83, 5% and 75, 7% respectively, which shows that conservative treatment is better in terms of long-term results. However, all treatment methods have the best indications, and different conditions should choose the most appropriate treatment method, which can be crossed but not completely replaced. The rationale for conservative treatment is to eliminate the inflammatory edema of the nerve root through rest and medication, and to reduce the compression of the nerve root through the absorption and displacement of the nucleus pulposus. The indications for conservative treatment include: 1. Patients with a short duration of the first attack. 2. 2. Patients with a long course of disease but with mild symptoms and signs. 3. Patients with small herniated discs or nerve roots that have room to move by imaging. 4.Patients who cannot perform surgery due to systemic or local diseases. Commonly used conservative treatment methods include anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs; absolute bed rest; manual therapy; various kinds of traction; epidural local seal, etc. It is often said that “three years to learn surgery, ten years to learn the indications” slowly experience this statement is very philosophical, I am very convinced of this statement. The mastery of surgical indications is like a compass on a ship sailing away so that you do not lose your way in the vast sea of medicine, while the mastery of surgical techniques is like a rudder sailing away so that you do not deviate from the direction in the vast sea of medicine, one without the other, if the direction is lost, the rudder is no longer good, or even the opposite, as long as the direction is not lost, there is still hope to reach the destination. So I am emphasizing the indications for intervertebral disc surgery. Absolute indications: 1, acute lumbar disc herniation, the emergence of cauda equina syndrome, the emergence of rectal bladder sphincter symptoms. 2, acute herniation, patient with unbearable pain, already with nerve root dysfunction and imaging evidence of spinal stenosis. Relative indications: 1, typical lumbar disc herniation without improvement after 4 months of regular conservative treatment; or despite improvement, pain and discomfort still exist after four months, affecting work or life. 2.Intervertebral disc herniation with long-term chronic pain or claudication, or repeated episodes of imaging proves that the herniation is large, with primary or secondary spinal stenosis. 3.Intravertebral foramen or extreme lateral herniation. 4.Patients who are middle-aged and have a long history of disease that affects work and life 5. Those who have a psychological burden and firmly request surgery.