What is osteoarthritis? You may often see older adults walking with a hobbled gait, painful knees when walking up and down stairs, or even “O” shaped legs. This is actually osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis, commonly known as “long bone spurs” and “osteophytes”, is a group of diseases caused by a variety of causes of damage to the integrity of joint cartilage and related symptoms and signs. Although it manifests itself as “spurs”, the underlying cause is the destruction of articular cartilage, the inability of chondrocytes to synthesize normal hyaluronic acid and the escape of short-chain proteoglycan polymers from the collagen meshwork produced by polyglucosaminoglycans, resulting in softening of the cartilage matrix and loss of elasticity and strength, as well as sclerosis or cystic degeneration of subchondral bone and Bone fragments are formed. This results in pain and motor impairment, leading to severe limb disability. In conclusion, although osteoarthritis begins in the articular cartilage, it affects the entire joint structure, including the subchondral bone, ligaments, synovium, joint capsule and extra-articular muscles, and eventually results in joint deformity and loss of function due to total loss of articular cartilage.