For patients with type 2 diabetes who use walking as a form of exercise, varying the intensity of walking (alternating between fast and slow walking) is more beneficial to patients in controlling their blood glucose levels than maintaining a constant walking speed. Compared to continuous walking training, interval walking training, which consumes the same amount of energy, maintains insulin secretion and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal index. Intermittent walking training consisted of fast walking for 3 min (peak energy expenditure ≥70%) and slow walking for 3 min (peak energy expenditure ≥40%), alternating between each training session, whereas continuous walkers maintained the same moderate-intensity walking speed (peak energy expenditure ≥55%) all the time; and the control group used the conventional lifestyle intervention. Before and after the intervention, patients were tested for insulin secretion using a hyperglycemic clamp test, glucose metabolism was tested by injection of glucose isotope tracers, and skeletal muscle biopsies were performed to assess insulin signaling pathways. The results showed that only the intermittent walking training group showed a decrease in mean blood glucose levels and an increase in insulin sensitivity index (49.8±14.6%; p<0.001) and glucose uptake in peripheral tissues (14.5±4.9%; p<0.05) and disposition index (66.2±21.8%; p<0.001). In contrast, there were no significant changes in the continuous walking training group and the control group. In addition, only the intermittent walking training group showed an enhancement of the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle, as evidenced by an increase in insulin-induced phosphorylation of AS160 protein (29.0±10.8%; p<0.05). The intermittent walking training group showed no change in insulin secretion during hyperglycemia and after GLP-1 or glucagon injection. This is the most important finding of the study, which is that interval walking training enhances insulin sensitivity without increasing insulin secretion and therefore improves the overall effect of insulin on blood glucose levels. Whether these benefits of interval walking training can be sustained over the long term and lead to better long-term health outcomes remains to be further confirmed to demonstrate the clinical utility of interval walking training for people with type 2 diabetes.