Radiotherapy, as the main treatment for head and neck tumors, also causes varying degrees of damage to the brain tissue surrounding the tumor. Previous studies have reported that the incidence of post-radiation brain injury ranges from 4.6% to 35%, which is related to the radiotherapy regimen and individual factors. The clinical manifestations of radiation brain injury are mainly increased intracranial pressure due to cerebral edema and localized symptoms or signs due to necrotic brain tissue. The traditional treatment regimen is dehydration combined with immunosuppressive agents (e.g., glucocorticoids), but its effectiveness is only about 20%. Long-term use of glucocorticoids can cause a series of adverse effects, such as metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, and infections due to immunosuppressive surfaces. In the past 20 years, scholars at home and abroad have devoted themselves to seeking more effective methods to treat radiation brain injury. After years of clinical exploration, our department has innovatively proposed an improved protocol, using the free radical scavenger edaravone treatment, which has increased the total efficiency of treatment from 35% to 56% of the traditional hormone protocol, and the combination of bevacizumab treatment has increased the efficiency to 69%. Bevacizumab (bevacizumab, trade name Avastin), as an antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor, is mainly used in the treatment of lung cancer, colorectal cancer and other malignant tumors. In recent years, several oncology centers in Europe and the United States have reported that the use of bevacizumab can effectively reduce post-radiation brain edema and improve radiation brain injury. The free radical scavenger edaravone is a brain protective agent (free radical scavenger). Mechanistic studies suggest that edaravone can scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, thereby inhibiting oxidative damage to brain cells, vascular endothelial cells, and neural cells.