The patient with a perianal abscess is currently in a constant flow of pus and is considered to have a combined anal fistula or a change in the chronic phase. Perianal abscess and anal fistula can be transformed into each other, and perianal abscess is an acute infection that should also be treated promptly with surgical incision and drainage, which is also the most effective treatment, as well as intravenous anti-infection therapy. Surgery for perianal abscesses requires a detailed intraoperative exploration to find the exact internal opening, most often caused by recurrent inflammation of the anal sinus. If a perianal abscess is not treated promptly and effectively, it can easily lead to the formation of a secondary anal fistula. The change of medication after surgery is also very crucial, each change of medication should thoroughly remove the secretions from the abscess cavity and scrape the wall of the sac, and after surgery you can also choose to apply antimicrobial gauze for local caulking, which can promote the healing of the wound.