Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) is generally harmless to the kidneys, but complications such as renal bleeding, renal hypoplasia, and stone recurrence may occur. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a minimally invasive treatment usually used to treat larger kidney stones or upper ureteral stones. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy involves a percutaneous puncture to create an artificial channel from the kidney to the renal pelvis. This surgical access is mainly through the skin directly to the kidney, which is less traumatic to the surrounding tissues and usually does not cause much damage to the kidney itself. After percutaneous nephrolithotomy, patients usually recover faster and rarely have any after-effects. It has the advantage of less trauma, reduces patients’ treatment pain to a greater extent, and has a higher stone removal rate. Some patients may have complications such as renal bleeding, renal hypoplasia and stone recurrence after the surgery, which need to cooperate with doctors in time. In addition, the recurrence rate of kidney stones is high, so it is recommended to have a timely review after the operation, pay attention to the daily dietary adjustments, drink more water and urinate regularly.