The treatment of left kidney cyst is mainly based on the patient’s condition, conservative observation or surgical treatment. Commonly used surgical methods include: ultrasound-guided cyst puncture and aspiration, transperitoneal laparoscopic cyst decortication and decompression, nephrectomy and so on. For patients with renal cysts less than 4cm in diameter, if the patients have no conscious symptoms and no complications such as compression and obstruction, generally no treatment is needed, and the patients can be closely followed up and observed according to the doctor’s instructions. For cysts with a diameter of more than 4cm, cyst puncture and fluid extraction under ultrasound guidance can be considered. If there is no malignant degeneration of infection, sclerosing agents such as anhydrous ethanol and phenol need to be injected, which is simple and effective but prone to recurrence; if the cyst is combined with intracapsular infection, sensitive antibiotics need to be injected according to the strain of infection. Transperitoneal laparoscopic cyst decapitation and decompression is the main mode of surgical treatment for renal cysts, which is suitable for most of the patients with renal cysts and those who failed puncture and fluid extraction treatment, and this surgical method is less traumatic and has faster postoperative recovery. Any cyst wall removed should be sent for pathologic examination. For patients with extensive destruction of renal parenchyma on one side and normal renal function on the opposite side, nephrectomy can be considered. In conclusion, it is recommended that patients with renal cysts should go to the hospital in time, complete the relevant examinations under the guidance of the doctor, and follow the doctor’s instructions for active treatment.