A report by SCA on “Women and Health” states that people in most countries and regions of the world still maintain old-fashioned beliefs about natural cycles such as menstruation as taboo. Results from seven of the nine countries surveyed (Australia, China, France, Germany, Mexico, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States) show that most women in the workplace feel that menstruation is a problem for them, and the results also show that more educated women tend to feel less able to to socialize comfortably. For example, it has been reported that 96% of Chinese women with a master’s degree feel uncomfortable interacting with others during menstruation. In fact, menstruation is more psychological than physical for most people. It is misleading to overemphasize the impact of menstruation on a woman’s workplace. Menstruation does not interfere with normal work, except for heavy laborers and special jobs, such as underwater lifeguards. Normal menstruation and common “menstrual” disorders Menstrual problems often faced by women in the workplace include irregular menstrual cycles, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. Before we look at these issues, let’s look at what normal menstruation is. Normal menstruation includes a normal menstrual cycle, a normal menstrual period, a normal amount of menstruation and a normal physiological response. Abnormalities in any of these elements are considered abnormal. The menstrual cycle refers to the time from the first day of this period to the first day of the next period. The normal range of the menstrual cycle is from 21 to 35 days, the most normal is 28 days, more than 35 days is called scanty menstruation, shorter than 21 days is called frequent menstruation, both are abnormal. The normal menstrual period is from 2 to 7 days. Any period that is too long or too short should be considered as a possible disease. The amount of blood is a particularly subjective factor that is difficult to judge, but surveys have shown that the average Chinese woman bleeds 50-60 ml in a cycle, with symptoms of anemia occurring if the amount is greater than 80 ml. And the color of the menstrual blood, which we usually consider very important, is not actually a factor in determining whether menstruation is normal or not. If the bleeding volume is large and the blood stays in the vagina for a short time, the color is red; if the bleeding volume is small and the blood stays in the vagina for a long time, it will naturally turn black (because the blood contains a lot of iron, which will turn black under the acidic environment of the vagina), so the color of menstrual blood does not have much significance from the Western medical point of view. The root cause of menstrual disorders or irregular menstrual cycles is mostly due to endocrine problems, caused by irregularities in ovulation. Many factors can influence the menstrual cycle, such as stress, emotions, lifestyle, etc. Chronic stress can have an impact on general health, which can manifest itself in gynecological endocrine problems such as abnormal menstruation, prolonged anovulation, amenorrhea, or excessive blood flow. Long-term anovulation can also trigger lesions of the endometrium. In addition, people with abnormal weight, no matter too fat or too thin, are prone to menstrual disorders. Therefore, normal nutrition, exercise, and maintaining proper weight are a very important prerequisite for maintaining a normal menstrual cycle in women. It is a normal physiological reaction for women to have mild discomfort in the lower abdomen during menstruation. However, a few will experience severe dysmenorrhea and be unable to work when they have their periods. Dysmenorrhea is a group of symptoms that occur around or during menstruation with cramping abdominal pain, cramping pain, back pain or starting other discomfort, and is one of the most common symptoms in gynecology. There are many causes of dysmenorrhea, including endometriosis, uterine adenopathy, and pelvic infection, which may cause dysmenorrhea and lower abdominal swelling. Dysmenorrhea in adolescent women is mostly due to stagnation of blood caused by poor outflow tracts, which will improve after marriage. If you still have frequent dysmenorrhea in your reproductive age, you must look for pathological factors. Long-term irregular menstrual cycles and dysmenorrhea are both considered menstrual irregularities and need to be regulated with the intervention and help of a doctor. The causes of menstrual abnormalities are very individual and there is no universal pattern. Therefore, it is advisable to seek medical attention as soon as abnormalities are detected. Does irritability during menstruation affect work? Some women think that they are irritable during menstruation, and some even affect their work. The female sexual cycle is marked by menstruation. The central nervous system controls the cyclical changes of excitation and inhibition in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovarian endocrine system, and the cyclical changes in the ovaries act on the uterus, causing corresponding changes in the endometrium cycle, which causes the shedding of the endometrium under the action of ovarian hormones and thus the formation of menstruation. According to the cyclic changes of ovulation, the endometrium is divided into follicular phase, ovulation phase and luteal phase; according to the cyclic changes of endometrial tissue morphology, the endometrium is divided into proliferative phase, secretory phase and menstrual phase. In different phases, different hormonal changes occur, so there will be corresponding clinical manifestations. During the luteal phase, especially in the week before menstruation, women are prone to some emotional, mental, behavioral and physical changes, for example, swelling of the body, changes in behavior, which may appear as clumsiness, such as inexplicably breaking a bowl, driving less nimble than usual, and being less responsive, which is a series of symptoms called “PMS This series of symptoms is called “PMS”. “PMS is a series of symptoms associated with menstruation that occur over and over again and disappear quickly after the onset of menstruation. The cause of these symptoms is unclear, but it is speculated that they may be related to hormonal changes. ”PMS does not occur in everyone, and its manifestations vary from person to person. If you experience some of the symptoms of PMS, there is no need to be overly stressed. Most of them are only mild and can be relieved with relaxation and proper rest, diet and vitamin supplementation, while only moderate and severe cases require medical intervention. Early menopause for women in the workplace? The saying of “early menopause for women in the workplace” and “40-year-old panic for women in the workplace” circulating on the internet nowadays is not based on the whole population. According to medical surveys over the years, the age of menopause for women is still relatively stable, basically remaining in the range of 48-51 years old worldwide. The average age of menopause for women in Beijing is 49.5 years. Two or three years before menopause, or three or four years before menopause, you will start to experience some symptoms, such as irregular menstruation, which is a normal phenomenon. If menstruation stops before the age of 40, it is a case of premature ovarian failure. Premature ovarian failure is usually caused by genetics or disease. For example, some diseases of medical origin, ovariectomy due to ovarian malignancy, chemotherapy after cervical malignancy, chemotherapy after immune diseases. In addition, long-term negative emotions may also trigger premature ovarian failure. Should we set up “female physiological holidays” or not? In 2011, Zhang Xiaomei, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and president of China Beauty and Fashion News, also said in her proposal that it is recommended that the rights and interests of professional women’s menstrual leave be written into the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests, and that the time off for professional women’s menstrual leave be clearly defined, and that the time off can be one day or one or two days, and that women suffering from dysmenorrhea and other related women’s diseases should ensure at least one day off. As a result, the “women’s physiological leave” has been hotly debated, and many women even consider whether the employer has “women’s physiological leave” as a selection criterion when they are looking for a job. Women are actually not that “vulnerable”. In gynecology clinics, the population is no longer ordinary women in the workplace, but people who come to the doctor for various gynecological problems, even so, among such groups, those who cannot work normally because of menstruation are very few, and the incidence in the general population should be even less. The need to take leave during menstruation is a matter of individual circumstances and the nature of a woman’s work. Over-emphasis on women’s vulnerability may cause employers to put on colored eyes on women when hiring, making it more difficult for women to get jobs and putting them at a disadvantage when applying for jobs. Unless they are heavy workers, the vast majority of women should be perfectly comfortable with ordinary, normal office work during their menstrual period. There are no special contraindications for women during their periods, except for strenuous exercise and bathing. There is no scientific basis and no definite conclusion from the western medical point of view that you should not eat spicy food, drink tea or take a bath during your period. Not only should bathing during menstruation not be prohibited, but we also need to promote better personal hygiene during menstruation, only that we should promote showering and avoid tub bathing. When it comes to how working women look at their periods, I think Chairman Mao’s phrase “strategic contempt, tactical importance” is most appropriate. Normally, we should pay more attention to the good habits of regular rest and rest, healthy diet, moderate exercise, during menstruation, do not have to worry too much about this, worry about that, avoid excessive exercise, maintain a good state of mind can be completely. If you still have questions about menstruation, you can communicate with me through the telephone consultation service, and I will give you more specific explanation and guidance through telephone communication.