The cerebrospinal cord is normally a clean, sterile environment. Inflammation due to various causes of pathogenic microbial infections such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi is called encephalomyelitis. Patients first need to identify the causative microorganisms of encephalomyelitis before targeted treatment can be administered. The most common method is to obtain a specimen of cerebrospinal fluid for bacterial pathogenic culture after a lumbar puncture to find the causative pathogenic microorganism so that the therapeutic drug can be selected in a targeted manner. In this case, most patients with encephalomyelitis can be treated with good results. However, because the cerebrospinal area is deeper, most common antimicrobials cannot enter the cerebrospinal cord, so the range of antimicrobial choices will be smaller, the dose of antimicrobial drugs tends to be higher, and the course of treatment is longer and relatively less effective than in other areas. If the infection is very severe, other treatment modalities can be used as an adjunct, such as the use of drainage of infected cerebrospinal fluid to promote the production of normal cerebrospinal fluid and accelerate the clearance of the infected lesion and the contouring of the cerebrospinal fluid to achieve the effect of treating encephalomyelitis.