There are various gynecological cysts, commonly occurring in the cervix such as nuchal cysts and cystic fibroids; functional cysts in the ovaries, endometriosis cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome, etc. The above-mentioned cysts do not usually affect pregnancy; if they are large, they can lead to increased risk of infertility, miscarriage and preterm delivery. Cervical nuchal cysts are mainly formed when the squamous epithelium replaces the columnar epithelium in the transformation zone of the cervix, blocking the mouth of the glandular ducts and causing obstruction to the drainage of glandular secretions. In the vast majority of cases, they are physiological changes of the cervix and do not require special treatment. If the cyst increases in size and blocks the cervical opening, sperm cannot enter the uterine cavity, leading to infertility. Cystic changes of uterine fibroids are cystic changes that occur when myocytes become necrotic and liquefied. These cysts usually have no obvious clinical symptoms and signs in the early stage, and are mostly detected during gynecological ultrasound examination. If the cysts increase in size, they may distort the uterine cavity and reduce the intrauterine area, increasing the risk of miscarriage and preterm delivery. Functional ovarian cysts, most of which have no obvious symptoms or signs, are usually harmless and do not affect pregnancy, and usually disappear on their own without treatment. If the cyst is large (≥8 cm), it can compress and stimulate the uterus, inducing contractions and risk of preterm delivery; if the cyst twists or ruptures, sudden severe abdominal pain and internal bleeding can easily induce contractions leading to miscarriage or preterm delivery, or maternal shock leading to intrauterine fetal death, it should be sent to the hospital immediately for emergency surgery. Endometriosis cysts, commonly known as coarctation cysts, are named after the rupture of the cysts, in which dark red old menstrual blood flows out like hot chocolate. These cysts are harmful and patients often have painful periods and are infertile, with infertility rates as high as 40%. Large coeliacs, which are at risk of torsion and rupture during pregnancy, should be treated before pregnancy as much as possible, such as laparoscopic colectomy.