Stroke, also known as stroke, is caused by sudden rupture and bleeding of blood vessels inside the brain or by ischemia and hypoxia in the brain due to blockage of blood vessels. There are two main clinical categories: hemorrhagic and ischemic. Hemorrhagic stroke includes both clinically diagnosed cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage; ischemic stroke has more clinically used diagnostic classification terms, including cerebral infarction (or cerebral infarction), cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, etc. Stroke starts suddenly and common symptoms include: confusion, numbness or lack of strength in one limb, slurred speech, dizziness, choking on water, double vision, etc. With the rapid development of China’s economy, the improvement of people’s living standards, changes in lifestyle and the aging of the population, the risk factors for stroke such as hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia are increasing. The incidence and mortality of stroke are on the rise, seriously endangering the health and lives of middle-aged and elderly people. Currently, stroke has risen to be the first cause of death in China. According to statistics, more than 2 million new strokes occur each year in China, and nearly half of them are fatal. On average, one Chinese person has a stroke every 12 seconds, and one Chinese person dies of a stroke every 21 seconds. Among the surviving stroke patients, about 75-80% of them have different degrees of disability, and about 40% of them are severely disabled and cannot take care of themselves. The annual cost of direct treatment for cerebrovascular disease is more than 10 billion yuan, and the annual expenditure for stroke is more than 20 billion yuan, which is a very important public health problem today. In recent years, domestic and foreign research data have confirmed that stroke can be prevented at an early stage. However, there is a lack of knowledge about stroke prevention and treatment in China, and there is not enough knowledge about early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of stroke, which often leads to serious consequences. Many people have delayed treatment after a stroke, resulting in loss of life in severe cases and sequelae of varying degrees in mild cases, causing lifelong regrets. Therefore, it is imperative to fully understand the seriousness of stroke, to improve stroke treatment and prevention, and to reduce the incidence, disability and mortality of stroke. The incidence of stroke is closely related to the climate, and as winter approaches, the incidence of stroke increases dramatically with the big difference in temperature between day and night. Every year, as soon as the temperature drops in winter, many elderly people will have strokes because they are not prepared for them. Therefore, especially for elderly people with risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis, it is important to not only control these risk factors, but also to keep warm in winter, to go to sunny places and to reduce outdoor activities when it is cold. If a stroke occurs, the patient should be transferred to the nearest stroke clinical center in time to avoid delaying the prime time for treatment. Knowing the seriousness of stroke, it is especially important to prevent and treat strokes as early as possible. Stroke can be prevented by correcting misconceptions and unhealthy lifestyles and consciously avoiding stroke risk factors; in addition, it is important to pay attention to pathological changes in the body, such as stenosis caused by carotid plaque, and to conduct regular stroke screening to detect the disease early, diagnose and treat it early. This is called “primary prevention”, which aims to prevent stroke or delay the onset of stroke by changing unhealthy lifestyles and actively controlling various risk factors at an early stage. These risk factors include non-interventionable risk factors such as age, gender, race, family heredity, and more interventionable risk factors such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcoholism, carotid stenosis, hyperhomocysteinemia, reduced physical activity, high salt and animal oil intake, overweight, drug abuse, oral contraceptives, infections, fundus arteriosus, and mental stress. arteriosclerosis, and mental stress. First of all, hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke, and treatment of hypertension will reduce stroke mortality by 58%. Therefore, we should monitor blood pressure regularly, and those who are older than 35 years old (inclusive) should have their blood pressure measured at least once a year. Patients with hypertension should have their blood pressure measured frequently to adjust the dose of medication so that it falls below 140/90 mmHg; those with diabetes or kidney disease and those who have had a stroke should have their blood pressure reduced to below 130/80 mmHg. Atrial fibrillation is an important risk factor for stroke. Patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation have an annual risk of stroke of 3%-5%, which should be taken seriously by patients with atrial fibrillation. Diabetes mellitus is also an independent risk factor for stroke. Blood glucose should be tested regularly and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) should be measured if necessary. Patients with diabetes should control their diet, increase physical activity; improve their lifestyle and use oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy if necessary. In addition, we should routinely test cholesterol levels (3-6 months), especially for low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), the “bad boy” that causes vascular sclerosis, and if LDL-C is >150 mg/dl (3.9 mmol/L) we should However, for patients with plaque in the neck or intracranial vessels, statin therapy is recommended to reduce the risk of stroke, regardless of whether the cholesterol level is normal or not. At the same time, we need to improve the poor lifestyle, such as smokers should have an effective and feasible smoking cessation program to quit smoking; alcoholics should drink moderately; half an hour of moderate physical activity every day; a light diet, control the total amount, eat more vegetables, fruits, cereals, moderate amount of milk, fish, beans, poultry and lean meat, and maintain an optimistic attitude, regular life, pay attention to temperature changes, etc., only for the above risk factors Only through active prevention of these risk factors and lifestyles can the occurrence of stroke be effectively controlled or delayed and the quality of life of the population be improved. Stroke treatment emphasizes the timing of medical attention. Irreversible changes in normal brain tissue may occur after 3 hours of ischemia, and necrosis of ischemic brain cells after 6 hours. If a patient with cerebral infarction is treated with thrombus dissolution within 3-6 hours, it is possible to restore oxygen and blood supply before complete infarction of brain cells occurs, thus restoring all or part of the function, which not only significantly reduces the risk of death and severe disability, but also greatly improves the quality of life of the survivor. This is currently the only proven treatment option in the world. Therefore, time is brain, and all patients suspected of stroke should be treated at the above-mentioned 11 municipal stroke clinical treatment centers as soon as possible after the onset of stroke for good treatment timing. At the same time, patients with stroke should actively improve their prognosis and prevent recurrence of stroke, which is called “secondary prevention” in medical science, and certain intervention and treatment can prevent and reduce the occurrence of stroke, reduce disability and mortality. Therefore, time is brain, the residents should start from themselves, improve the poor lifestyle, actively control various risk factors, only in this way can avoid or delay the occurrence of stroke, reduce the disability caused by stroke, and further improve the quality of life of the residents.