Edema is soft tissue swelling caused by increased fluid in the interstitial spaces of the tissues; the retained fluid is predominantly water; there is a depression when pressed; and there is usually a sensation of tightness in the skin. Edema may be a manifestation of heart, liver, or kidney disease, as well as malnutrition. If symptoms of swelling persist, medical attention is recommended.
Heart diseases such as heart failure present with symmetrical edema, usually accompanied by signs of telangiectasia.
Liver diseases such as cirrhosis may present with edema due to decreased albumin synthesis, often in combination with jaundice, spider naevi, and other typical signs of liver disease.
Kidney diseases such as nephrotic syndrome present with facial edema that gradually extends to the whole body.
Edema due to malnutrition is usually due to low protein intake, resulting in low plasma colloid osmotic pressure, causing increased tissue interstitial fluid. Nutritional supportive therapy with high-protein foods may promote relief.