Atrial fibrillation, or AF for short, is a rapid arrhythmia in which the atria are paced instead of the normal pacing point. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rapid arrhythmia in which the atria are paced instead of the normal pacing point, with an atrial excitation rate of 350-600 beats/min. Atrial fibrillation is a common type of tachyarrhythmia in clinical practice. The cause of atrial fibrillation is mostly organic heart disease that affects the atrial structure, such as heart valve disease, hypertensive heart disease, coronary artery disease and various cardiomyopathies. Abnormal thyroid function and alcoholic myocardial damage can also cause the onset of atrial fibrillation. In clinical practice, many patients with atrial fibrillation do not have a clear cause and are called idiopathic atrial fibrillation. According to the characteristics of atrial fibrillation episodes, they can be divided into primary atrial fibrillation which occurs for the first time, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation which can be terminated by itself after repeated episodes, persistent atrial fibrillation which can be converted to sinus rhythm after treatment, and permanent atrial fibrillation which is difficult to be converted and maintain sinus rhythm. The symptoms of atrial fibrillation are related to the type of atrial fibrillation, the fast or slow ventricular rate, and the underlying cardiac structure. In acute atrial fibrillation, the ventricular rate is faster and symptoms such as panic, chest tightness and shortness of breath may be present. Atrial fibrillation episodes can be detected by auscultation with varying heart rate, varying heart sound intensity, absolutely irregular rhythm, and a pulse rate smaller than the heart rate. An electrocardiogram can clarify the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Long-term atrial fibrillation can affect the structure and function of the heart, and there is a risk of life-threatening complications such as acute thromboembolism, so prompt medical attention should be sought when atrial fibrillation is suspected.