Mr. Li is 70 years old and usually very healthy. Although there are more than 10 years of high blood pressure, high blood pressure history, has been taking medication to control very well. However, a month ago for some reason moncler jackets outlet, he suddenly appeared double lower limb weakness, walking is not stable, but also often accompanied by dizziness. The first time I saw this, I was able to get a good look at it, and I was able to get a good look at it, and I was able to get a good look at it, and I was able to get a good look at it, and I was able to get a good look at it. According to the doctor’s instructions, moncler jackets sale you take a period of time, but not only the symptoms have not been significantly improved, recently also appeared low fever, cough, and sometimes out of the sputum is mixed with blood. This is the first time I’ve ever been to a hospital where I’ve had a chance to see a man who has been in the hospital for a long time, and I’ve never been able to see him before. After a CT scan of his chest and a fiberoptic bronchoscopy, he was diagnosed with small-cell bronchial lung cancer rather than a hypertensive stroke, and was given the opportunity to take a look at his medical history. After two months of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, his lungs disappeared, he was able to walk freely, and his ataxia disappeared. After two months, his lung shadow disappeared, he could walk freely, and his ataxia disappeared. His family was grateful, but they came to ask Prof. Nan with some confusion. Why did lung cancer patients without brain metastasis have “stroke”? In fact, this is a phenomenon called paraneoplastic syndrome. Prof. Nan introduced that, similar cases are often encountered in clinic, in fact, cancer of a certain organ is suffered, but some patients do not have the corresponding symptoms of the lesion of this organ, but show some systemic or localized symptoms and signs which are not related to the cancer, which often lead to misdiagnosis and mis-treatment, and not only cause economic losses to patients, but also more importantly, cause the patients to suffer a stroke, which is a serious problem. This often leads to misdiagnosis and mistreatment, which not only causes economic loss to the patients, but also delays the disease period and affects the therapeutic effect. Elderly people should be alert to paraneoplastic syndrome. Prof. Nan explained that the clinical symptoms and signs of tumor patients can be divided into two categories: one is directly caused by the tumor, including the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis in the region, or growth infiltration of distant metastatic sites, which will lead to corresponding symptoms and signs. The second type is not directly caused by the tumor, but is an indirect effect of the tumor on the organism, which usually manifests as systemic symptoms, such as fever, malignant fluid and immunosuppression, etc., or some local symptoms and signs, but occur in anatomical areas far away from the tumor. The latter is called paraneoplastic syndrome. Simply put, these syndromes are not directly caused by the tumor, but rather arise indirectly from the tumor, but always occur in association with the tumor. Paraneoplastic syndromes are uncommon, accounting for only about 1% of patients with malignant tumors. The proportion of patients with paraneoplastic syndromes varies among different types of tumors, the most common being lung and gastrointestinal tumors, and to a lesser extent breast or ovarian cancer. Paraneoplastic syndrome is not limited to the nervous system, but often involves the nervous system, often showing subacute onset with gradual aggravation, accompanied by vertigo, dizziness, directional tremor of the limbs, unsteady gait, and muscle weakness, with positive finger-nose test and poor distance discrimination. Paraneoplastic syndrome has been found to have a subtle relationship with the development of cancer. Generally, it is parallel to the process of tumor. When the tumor recedes or is eliminated after the patient receives effective treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, paraneoplastic syndrome also improves or disappears, and reappears when the tumor recurs or metastasizes. 2.How does paraneoplastic syndrome occur? Prof. Nan said, at present, the etiology and pathogenesis of paraneoplastic syndrome are still unclear. The preliminary research thinks that paraneoplastic syndrome may be due to the fact that cancer cells can secrete certain substances that directly act on the nervous system, such as hormones, enzymes, cytokines, antigens and oncogenes, etc., which are mostly endocrine in an ectopic way. These substances will “cause trouble”, and a series of symptoms “unrelated” to cancer will appear. The main manifestations are: tumor fever, cachexia, immunosuppression, myasthenia gravis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, gynecomastia, Cushing’s syndrome, neuromuscular pain, hypercalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypertension, unexplained anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, dermatomyositis, diffuse intravascular coagulation, nephritis and so on. In addition, it is also believed that certain paraneoplastic syndromes are related to autoimmune mechanisms. What is the significance of recognizing paraneoplastic syndrome? Prof. Nan pointed out that it is very important to recognize paraneoplastic syndrome, and its clinical significance is as follows: (1) It helps in early detection of tumor. As some tumor patients’ “paraneoplastic syndrome” appears before the tumor, therefore, understanding and recognizing them can remind doctors to make further relevant examinations and identify the tumor in time. As a matter of fact, many patients suffering from “paraneoplastic syndrome” are often the first to go to non-oncology departments for consultation, and they are not cured for a long time. (2) It helps to develop a rational and correct oncologic treatment plan. Since the manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome is sometimes similar to distant metastasis of the tumor, it is often mistaken for advanced stage and abandoned active treatment. For example, bone and joint changes occurring in lung cancer patients are mistaken for bone metastasis. (3) Clinical surveillance of tumor development process. Since the condition of most “paraneoplastic syndromes” is basically parallel to the development of the tumor, monitoring the changes of paraneoplastic syndromes can be used as one of the indicators of follow-up of the tumor in clinical treatment, so that the efficacy can be observed in the clinic. In addition, it can also be used as an indicator of recurrence and metastasis during the recovery period. (4) Contribute to the treatment of the tumor. In the clinic, some patients with paraneoplastic syndrome have much more serious symptoms than the tumor condition. By symptomatic treatment, the symptoms can be reduced, so that the treatment for the tumor can be carried out smoothly. How to diagnose and treat paraneoplastic syndrome According to Prof. Nan, it is not easy to diagnose paraneoplastic syndrome, the most important thing is to make sure that the symptoms shown by the patients are not directly related to the tumor. The exclusion method is usually used to determine this. First of all, we must exclude the symptoms and signs caused by primary and metastatic tumors growing locally; secondly, we must exclude the infections associated with tumors or secondary infections due to the obstruction of natural cavities by tumors; thirdly, we must exclude the water and electrolyte disorders due to the difficulties in eating, digestive and absorptive dysfunctions caused by tumors; fourthly, we must exclude the toxicity and adverse reactions caused by the treatment of tumors, etc. After the diagnosis is confirmed, the treatment is mainly based on the symptoms and symptoms of primary and metastatic tumors. After diagnosis, the treatment mainly targets the primary tumor. In most patients, after the tumor is controlled, the paraneoplastic syndrome will improve accordingly. Doctors, patients and their families should be alert to paraneoplastic syndrome and should not limit themselves to symptomatic diagnosis. Patients with unexplained symptoms should go to a specialist hospital to further investigate the cause of the disease.