Neurodegenerative diseases with cerebral iron deposition belong to the central nervous system surface deposition disorder, which refers to the deposition of iron-containing hemosiderin on the surface of the brain and spinal cord after chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage. The etiology of central nervous system surface deposition disorder is caused by chronic, long-term, small amount and repetitive subarachnoid hemorrhage, and its clinical manifestations mainly include hearing loss and ataxia, which may be accompanied by dementia, loss of smell, unequal pupil size and somatosensory disorders, and in a small number of patients, back pain and damage to lower motor neurons may be present. The damage of CNS surface deposition disorder is mostly irreversible, and there is no effective treatment at present. Surgical removal of the hemorrhagic foci can slow down or stop the progression of the disease. Once diagnosed with CNS Surface Deposition Disease, the patient should seek medical attention and treatment in a timely manner to avoid delay and serious effects. In addition, patients should develop good living habits and minimize iron intake to avoid or reduce iron deposition in order to slow down the progression of the disease.