The etiology of pediatric epilepsy is complex and diverse, and the factors that constitute seizures include genetic factors, intracerebral epileptogenic injury factors, and triggering factors, and the etiology and age factors are more obvious. In clinical practice, it is usually divided into: 1. Primary epilepsy Primary epilepsy, also known as idiopathic epilepsy, is mainly determined by genetic factors, and no other etiology can be found, often with age-specific features. With the continuous progress of medical science and the introduction of advanced medical instruments, the detection rate of brain lesions has greatly improved, and the diagnosis rate of primary epilepsy has been decreasing, accounting for 40% to 50% of all sexual epilepsy. Primary epilepsy can be manifested as generalized seizures or partial seizures with normal EEG background waves and site-specific restricted or bilateral symmetric synchronous epileptiform discharges. Secondary epilepsy, also known as symptomatic epilepsy, refers to epilepsy that has a clear cause. This type of epilepsy can have multiple forms of clinical seizures, with abnormal EEG background waves in addition to limited focal EEG abnormalities, and a large number of epileptiform emissions. The most common causes of epilepsy include: (1) congenital malformations of the brain, such as anencephaly, megalencephaly, polymicrocephaly, gray matter heterotopia, cerebral penetration malformation, congenital hydrocephalus, hydrazine hypoplasia, arachnoid cyst, microcephaly, and macrocephaly; (2) neurocutaneous syndromes: the most common are tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, and cerebral trigeminal angiomatosis; (3) genetic metabolic disorders, such as phenylketonuria, hyperamnesia, and hyperamnesia. (4) perinatal brain injury, mainly birth injury, asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage, hypoxia, ischemic encephalopathy, of which hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy causing epilepsy is the most common; (5) intracranial infection: such as bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis, brain abscess, mycobacterial meningitis, cerebral parasitic disease, post-inoculation encephalitis, post-infectious (6) Nutritional metabolic disorders and endocrine diseases, such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, vitamin B6 deficiency, and hypothyroidism; (7) Cerebrovascular disease: such as cerebrovascular malformation, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebrovascular inflammation, cerebral infarction, etc.; (8) Trauma: intracranial hemorrhage, skull fracture, and cerebral contusion caused by trauma can cause epilepsy, but the incidence is related to the degree and location of injury (9) brain injury after febrile convulsions also leads to epilepsy. Cryptogenic epilepsy is presumed to be symptomatic, but with the current level of understanding no cause has been found. As brain imaging techniques become more advanced, the cause may be found in the future with more advanced methods, or the cause may be revealed in some patients as the disease progresses.