Postherpetic neuralgia may have lifelong effects, but the exact duration of pain duration cannot be determined due to individual differences. Herpes zoster is an acute viral infectious skin disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is relatively common in clinical practice. Postherpetic neuralgia occurs in approximately 5% to 30% of patients after aggressive treatment in the acute phase and is the most common complication of herpes zoster. Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia are particularly prevalent in the elderly over 50 years of age and in immunocompromised individuals. Because varicella-zoster virus has neurophilic characteristics, immunocompromised patients are prone to damage the sensory branch of the spinal nerve, showing pain sensitivity. The probability of developing postherpetic neuralgia is significantly higher and the duration will be longer, and even lifelong unrelieved neuralgia will occur. Patients with postherpetic neuralgia should go to the hospital in a timely manner, and under the guidance of the doctor as soon as possible to carry out targeted treatment, in order to promote nerve repair, shorten the course of the disease, to avoid affecting the quality of life.