This is the main symptom of the disease. Low back pain often occurs before leg pain, or both can occur at the same time or simply radiating pain in the lower extremity. There may be a history of trauma or exertion or no clear cause. The pain has the following characteristics: 1, radiating pain along the sciatic nerve conduction directly to the dorsum or toes of the lateral calf, and in the case of lumbar 3/4 disc herniation, radiating pain to the front of the thigh due to the compression of the lumbar 4 nerve root. 2, all actions that increase the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid, such as coughing and sneezing and defecation, can aggravate lumbago and radiating pain 3, the pain increases during activity and decreases after rest Bed position: most patients use the lateral position and flex the affected limb, individual severe cases in various positions are painful only bend the hip and knee kneeling in bed to relieve symptoms, combined with lumbar spinal stenosis often have intermittent claudication. Second, scoliosis deformity is more obvious when the lower back is flexed forward. The direction of scoliosis depends on the relationship between the protruding nucleus pulposus and the nerve root: if the protrusion is located in front of the nerve root, the trunk is generally bent to the affected side. Left: the herniated nucleus pulposus is located in the nerve root in front of the spine to the affected side of the bend, such as to the healthy side of the bend, the pain is increased Right: the herniated nucleus pulposus is located outside the nerve root in front of the spine to the healthy side of the bend, such as to the affected side of the bend, the pain is increased Third, the spine activity is limited The herniated nucleus pulposus compresses the nerve root so that the lumbar muscle is protected tension can occur unilaterally or bilaterally. Due to the tension of the lumbar muscle, the physiological lumbar convexity disappears, the forward flexion and back extension of the spine is restricted, and the radiating pain to one lower limb can occur in forward flexion or back extension, and the restriction of lateral bending is often only on one side, which can be distinguished from lumbar spine tuberculosis or tumor. 4. Lumbar pressure pain with radiating pain There are limited pressure pain points in the interspinous space and next to the affected spinous process at the site of disc herniation with radiating pain to the calf or foot, and this point is important for the diagnosis of this disease. V. Positive straight leg raise test There is no unified standard for this test due to the difference of individual physique. Attention should be paid to the two sides of the comparison of the affected side of the leg lifting is limited and feel the radiating pain to the calf or foot is positive. Sometimes numbness and pain occurs in the affected leg while raising the healthy limb, which is caused by the pulling of the nerve on the affected side, and this is of great value for the diagnosis of the disease. Neurological examination When lumbar 3/4 disc herniation (lumbar 4 nerve root compression), knee reflex may be decreased or disappeared, and medial calf sensation is decreased. In the case of lumbar 4/5 disc herniation (lumbar 5 nerve root compression), there is hypoesthesia of the anterolateral dorsalis pedis of the calf, and the muscle strength of the second toe is often reduced. In the case of lumbar 5 sacral 1 disc herniation (sacral 1 nerve root compression), there is hypoesthesia in the lateral posterior calf and lateral foot, hypotonia in the 345th toe, hypotonia or loss of Achilles tendon reflex, and muscle atrophy in the affected limb if the nerve compression symptoms are severe. In addition, if the protrusion is large or central, or if the nucleus pulposus fragments protrude into the spinal canal, more extensive symptoms of nerve root or cauda equina damage may occur. The affected numbness area is often extensive and may include the affected hip, lateral femoral calf and foot below the plane of the nucleus pulposus herniation. The central prominence often has symptoms of nerve damage in both lower extremities, but one side is usually more severe. Attention should be paid to check the sensation in the saddle area, which is often diminished on one side and sometimes on both sides, and there are often symptoms of loss of control of urination, constipation, sexual dysfunction and even partial or major paralysis of both lower limbs.