Although the etiology of pediatric epilepsy is very complex, with the rapid development of medical technology, most of the causes have been clearly understood, and overall, etiologically, epilepsy can be divided into three major categories. The second category is cryptogenic, where the cause is considered to exist but cannot be detected with current medical technology. The third category is epilepsy for which a clear cause can be identified, also known as symptomatic epilepsy or secondary epilepsy. The most common causes include: 1. congenital brain development malformations: such as anencephaly, giant gyrus malformation, multiple microcephaly, gray matter heterotopia, cerebral penetration malformation, congenital hydrocephalus, hydrazine hypoplasia, arachnoid cyst, microcephaly, and macrocephaly. 2, neurocutaneous syndromes: the most common are tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis and cerebral trigeminal angiomatosis, etc. 3, genetic metabolic diseases: such as phenylketonuria, hyperammonemia, cerebral lipid deposition, vitamin B6-dependent disorders, etc. 4, perinatal brain injury: mainly birth injury, asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage, hypoxia, ischemic encephalopathy, of which hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy resulting in epilepsy is the most common. 5, intracranial infection: such as bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis, brain abscess, mycobacterial meningitis, cerebral parasitosis, post-inoculation encephalitis, post-infectious encephalitis, etc. 6, nutritional metabolic disorders and endocrine diseases: common hypoglycemia, low blood calcium, low blood magnesium, vitamin B6 deficiency, hypothyroidism. 7, cerebrovascular disease: such as cerebrovascular malformation, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebrovascular inflammation, cerebral infarction. 8, trauma: intracranial hemorrhage, skull fracture and brain contusion caused by trauma can cause epilepsy, but the incidence is related to the degree and location of injury. 9, epilepsy caused by brain injury after febrile convulsions: regardless of which cause of epilepsy, active treatment of the original cause, rapid control of seizures, receiving regular, reasonable, non-toxic side effects of treatment is the guarantee of smooth recovery from the disease.