Objective】To retrospectively analyze the effect of a single factor of arterial catheter on the prognosis of preterm neonates with gestational age less than 32 weeks and weight less than 1.0 kg. Subjects】A total of 2771 preterm neonates with gestational age less than 32 weeks were screened from November 2010 to February 2013, including 134 preterm neonates with weight less than or equal to 1.0 kg, excluding 3 children with combined ventricular defects and 7 children who were admitted without cardiac ultrasound examination, and 124 eligible preterm neonates. Methods] All eligible preterm neonates with weight less than or equal to 1.0 kg were retrospectively analyzed by cardiac ultrasound examination after admission to the hospital, and the closure of the neonatal ductus arteriosus and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 124 eligible preterm neonates, 93 had PDA closure before discharge (79 with PDA self-closed and 14 with surgical closure) and 31 had PDA non-closure before discharge. A total of 88 children were discharged from the hospital with a cure and 36 children with a poor prognosis. Among the cured children, 81 cases with PDA closure accounted for 92.0% (81/88) and 7 cases with PDA non-closure accounted for 8.0% (7/88); among the children with poor prognosis, 12 cases with PDA closure accounted for 33.3% (12/36) and 24 cases with PDA non-closure accounted for 66.6% (24/36) of the overall proportion. Among the children with closed PDA, 81 were discharged, accounting for 87.1% (81/93) of the children with closed PDA; 12 had poor prognosis, accounting for 12.9% (12/93) of the children with closed PDA; among the children with closed PDA, 69 were cured and discharged, accounting for 87.3% (69/79) of the children with closed PDA; among the 14 children with surgical closure of PDA, 12 were cured and discharged. Among the 14 children with surgical closure of PDA, 12 were discharged, accounting for 85.7% of the operated children (12/14), and 2 had a poor prognosis, accounting for 14.3% of the operated children (2/14). (24/31). [Results] The single-factor retrospective analysis of PDA in very low birth weight infants revealed that the proportion of cured discharges in children with closed PDA (87.1%) was significantly higher than the proportion of poor prognosis (12.9%); the proportion of cured discharges in children with unclosed PDA (22.6%) was significantly lower than the proportion of poor prognosis (77.4%). 65.3% (81/ 124) of cured discharges in children with closed PDA were significantly higher than the proportion of children with unclosed PDA. The proportion of children with closed PDA was significantly higher (65.3% (81/124) than the proportion of children with unclosed PDA (5.6% (7/124)); the proportion of children with poor prognosis was lower (9.7% (12/124) than the proportion of children with unclosed PDA (19.4% (24/124)). Among children with surgically closed PDA, the proportion of cured discharges was significantly higher in 85.7% (12/14) than the proportion of poor prognosis in 14.3% (2/14); the proportion of cured discharges in children with surgically closed PDA (85.7%, 12/14) was comparable to the proportion of cured discharges in children with self-occluded PDA (87.3%, 69/79). The univariate analysis of PDA in very low birth weight infants showed that the presence of PDA had an important impact on prognosis, and both PDA autism and surgical closure of PDA resulted in better curative discharge outcomes; the higher prognosis of poor outcomes in children with PDA should be given high priority by neonatologists.