Autumn breeze rises and autumn leaves fall. With the arrival of autumn and winter, the weather becomes drier day by day, and people’s skin becomes tighter and drier day by day. At this time, some common winter skin diseases also begin to wreak havoc among some people. Many people, especially the elderly, often complain that their skin becomes dry and itchy all over the body (especially on the extensor side of the calf, etc.). During the day due to external interference, still distracted and do not care, at night, itching is unbearable, the whole body seems to have ants crawling, unbearable. If you eat something “hairy”, or drink wine, drink coffee, it is even more itchy. However, examination of the skin, but there is no primary rash, only secondary damage due to scratching caused by skin scratches, blood scabs or pigmentation, to the hospital dermatology department, often diagnosed as winter pruritus or sebum deficiency eczema. The outermost layer of the skin is the stratum corneum, on top of which there is a sebaceous membrane, which plays a more important role in the integrity of the skin barrier function. The sebaceous film is a translucent milky film formed by the emulsification of sebum, sweat and epidermal cell secretions. The free fatty acids, lactate, urea and uric acid in the sebaceous film are natural moisturizing factors, which play a moisturizing role for the skin. The stratum corneum and sebaceous film prevent the loss of skin moisture. In autumn and winter, the sebaceous glands and sweat glands of human body secrete less sebum and sweat, and the sebaceous film is significantly reduced. The sebaceous glands and sweat glands are atrophied and the skin becomes thinner and drier in the elderly, which is more prominent. People who often take baths have thinner sebaceous film, and the integrity of the stratum corneum is destroyed in people who have the habit of rubbing baths. In autumn and winter, the elderly and frequent bathers have drier skin and are prone to skin cracking and itching. Scratching causes damage to the epidermis, leading to increased itching. For this dry and cold weather caused by dry and itchy skin, how should we prevent and improve it? In fact, the most important thing to do for dry itchy skin caused by seasonal changes is to focus on prevention, because prevention beforehand is often more effective than treatment afterwards, that is, effective measures should be taken in time to avoid the appearance of skin problems before the symptoms appear. The key to preventing dry itchy skin is to maintain skin moisturization and reduce the loss of moisture and oil in the stratum corneum to protect the sebum function. It is recommended that the following aspects can be done: a. When bathing, you should use a mild and preferably weak acidic body wash, avoid using alkaline soap with too much cleaning power. Should also avoid using too hot water bath, it is best to use the water temperature similar to the body temperature (not more than 40 degrees). And to moderate the number of baths and shorten the bathing time to avoid excessive loss of water and fat due to heat. Do not brush hard when bathing, because too hot water and hard scrubbing will wash off the skin’s sebum, keratin and other protective layers, so it is easy to hurt the skin, and even cause local inflammation of the skin, making the nerves more excited, will aggravate the itching. Second, after the bath while the skin is not all dry immediately apply moisturizing body lotion, especially the limbs and other particularly dry parts, which can help the skin to restore the water-oil balance and form a film on the skin to prevent moisture evaporation. After applying the lotion, you should put on clothes and socks as soon as possible, not only to keep warm but also to prevent the epidermis from losing water and sebum, which helps to enhance the effect of improving the dry skin condition. After the skin is effectively moisturized, the dryness and itchiness can be effectively reduced. If you usually feel dry skin, you should always use lotion in order to moisturize dry skin in time, focusing on the calves and arms. The front of the shins of the calves is the part of the body with the least sebaceous glands, so itching and flakes are most likely to occur, while the arms are often exposed to the air and are most likely to produce dryness. Third, reduce the frequency of exfoliating products to avoid overly diligent exfoliation to destroy the protective film of the skin. Skin care products should also be adjusted and updated in time with the change of seasons. If your current skin care products will feel a tingling sensation on the skin after use, or even red and itchy, it is time to replace them immediately. You should choose a low irritation nourishing skin care lotion / cream, in function should strengthen the moisturizing, it is recommended that you can choose a moisturizing cream or cream lotion containing moisturizing ingredients to lock in water and moisturizing. Four, should pay attention to sun protection during the day, although the autumn sun does not look as powerful as the summer, in fact, the power of ultraviolet rays in autumn is still not to be underestimated, and ultraviolet rays are also one of the culprits of dry skin, so after applying moisturizing lotion during the day, do not forget to still use sunscreen to protect the skin from various wavelengths of ultraviolet rays and visible light damage. Five, in order to avoid evaporation of skin moisture caused by dry indoor air, you should try to improve indoor humidity, usually humidity is maintained at about 50 degrees will be more appropriate. If you stay in an air-conditioned room for a long time, it is recommended that you can use equipment such as air humidifiers indoors; or you can also take an economic approach, such as placing a few pots of water indoors, or put a few fish tanks and aquatic plants is also a good choice to keep the indoor air moist, to help maintain skin moisture. Every night before going to bed you can also put a small pot of water next to the bed, which can also play a certain role in humidification. Six, in addition to choosing the right skin care products, the inner conditioning is also very important to pay attention to rest and appropriate psychological stress regulation. In terms of diet regulation, usually pay more attention to drink more water to replenish the body’s water loss and increase the skin’s water supply. Pay attention to nutritional balance, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables and milk and soy milk and other water-rich food. You can also eat sesame oil, soybeans, peanuts and other foods, they contain unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, and the human body lacks linoleic acid, the skin will become dry and scaly thickening. Vitamin intake is also important for the prevention and control of itchy skin, especially vitamin A, B2, B6, etc.. When the body lacks vitamin A, the skin will become dry and scaly, and even make the skin appear spiny papules, thus it is necessary to eat more foods rich in vitamin A, such as animal liver, carrots, rape, celery, poultry eggs, cod liver oil, etc. Vitamin B plays a vital role in the metabolic function of the human body. Lack of vitamin B will cause metabolic disorders in the body and affect cell function, which will easily lead to dermatitis, acne and other skin problems. At the same time, itchy skin patients to avoid spicy, greasy, seafood, coffee, tobacco, alcohol and other stimulating food, because such food is a stimulus to the human body and skin, may make the original suffering from a certain skin disease aggravated. Such as septic skin disease people should eat less sweets, alcohol, etc.; and chili, onion, garlic, wine, strong tea and other foods can lead to poor sleep, emotional instability and many other reactions, these psychological factors will also affect the person’s sensitivity to stimuli, more likely to produce itching, especially may make the symptoms of people suffering from pruritic neurological dysfunctional skin disease aggravated. Diet should be light, eat less high-fat food, because high-fat food will increase the burden of oil on the skin, especially the skin surface pores prone to blockage; sugar food should also eat less, too much sugar will increase the reproduction of bacteria on the skin, stimulating the skin, causing itchy skin. And fish, shrimp, crab and other seafood products, is the itchy skin “allergens”, it is easy to make the release of active substances around the skin blood vessels, intensifying the itching of the skin, should also be avoided. For simple seasonal dry itchy skin, as long as you do the above several maintenance principles, you can largely improve or even eliminate the problem of itchy skin. If there is a serious and stubborn itch, you should consider the presence of other internal diseases, such as diabetes, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic constipation, tumors, etc. can also lead to the occurrence of different degrees of itchy skin symptoms, then you need to immediately go to the hospital for the relevant examination.