An original view of insomnia as a common symptom of physical illness is now being reinforced by more research finding insomnia to be an independent risk factor for many chronic medical conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and chronic pain. The Vgontzas team from Penn State University found that insomnia with objectively short sleep duration significantly increased the risk of a range of adverse outcomes, including hypertension, diabetes, cognitive impairment, mortality, and depression. Tang Xiangdong’s team at West China Hospital found that insomnia with long multiple nap latencies significantly increased the incidence of hypertension compared with insomnia with short multiple nap latencies or normal multiple nap latencies. It is likely that multiple nap latency can be an important indicator of the severity of insomnia.