Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, which is a benign lesion; bowel cancer is a malignant tumor disease. Both diseases affect health, but bowel cancer is more serious, and advanced bowel cancer can be life-threatening. Inflammatory bowel disease, which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is relatively mild. Most of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease have insidious and slow onset, which often manifests as abdominal pain, diarrhea and blood in stool, with alternating episodes and remissions. Enteroscopy reveals congestion and edema of the intestinal wall, accompanied by a large amount of mucus. Inflammatory bowel wall treatment commonly used norfloxacin, mesalazine, salazosulfapyridine, etc. Active treatment can effectively control the development of the disease, and generally does not affect normal life, with a good prognosis. Bowel cancer is a kind of malignant neoplastic disease, and the lethality rate of tumor is high. Bowel cancer is often manifested as blood in stool, change of stool trait, abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea may alternate; colonoscopy will see obvious tumor somewhere in the intestinal tract, which adheres to or erodes the surrounding tissues, and pathological examination can confirm the diagnosis of cancer, and liver metastasis, lung metastasis and other foci can be found in the late stage. Once bowel cancer is detected, active treatment measures must be taken immediately to control the progression of the tumor and the risk of metastasis. Early treatment can help prolong the patient’s survival, and advanced bowel cancer can threaten the patient’s life, so bowel cancer is more scary than inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease patients and bowel cancer patients should go to the hospital in time, and under the guidance of professional doctors to carry out regular and reasonable treatment; while bowel cancer patients need to be actively treated to improve the quality of life and prolong the survival period.