Lumbar disc hernation (LDH) is a disease in which the lumbar disc degenerates, ruptures, and herniates, compressing and irritating the nerve roots or/and cauda equina nerves and producing low back and leg pain as a common clinical manifestation. The degeneration of the fibrous ring and nucleus pulposus tissue with age is the basis for the development of LDH, and the tearing of the fibrous ring caused by trauma or repeated strain is the direct cause of the development. The clinical manifestations are mainly low back pain with radiating pain, coldness and numbness in the lower limbs, and in severe cases, dysfunction and paralysis of the lower limbs may occur. The treatment of this disease mainly includes conservative treatment, interventional treatment and surgery. Among the conservative therapies, Chinese medicine therapy is unique. It is the treatment of choice for the majority of patients with initial onset of the disease. It includes herbal fumigation or steam bath, lumbar traction, acupuncture, massage, internal administration of Chinese medicine, sacral canal closure and other treatment methods. Combined with rest on a rigid bed, lumbar circumference protection and functional exercise of the lumbar back muscles, 95% of patients with the first attack can be cured. Interventional treatment is a minimally invasive therapy developed in recent decades, including myelolysis, excision and suction, radiofrequency ablation, intradiscal electrothermal therapy, ozone injection and so on. At present, the indications and efficacy of treatment are not completely precise, and the overall excellent rate is not higher than that of conservative treatment. Surgical treatment is recommended for patients with severe or multiple recurrences. Pulpotomy has a long history and is known as a “traditional classic” surgery in the field because of its precise efficacy. The main purpose of surgery is to remove the protruding nucleus pulposus and other pressure-causing materials to relieve nerve root compression and relieve clinical symptoms such as back and leg pain. The specific surgical procedures include total laminectomy, hemilartebral laminectomy and “open window” nucleus pulposus removal. With the advancement of medicine, open-hole nucleus pulposus removal is basically used nowadays, and the impact of this procedure on the stability of the spine is negligible. The near- and long-term results are precise, and the postoperative recurrence rate is less than 7%. The use of microsurgical equipment, such as headlamps and surgical magnifiers, has led to an increasing degree of surgical refinement and a trend toward “minimally invasive” surgery. “Open window” nucleus pulposus removal is currently the most respected surgical procedure for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Lumbar spine fusion can be considered for patients with combined or possible postoperative lumbar instability. Specific measures to prevent recurrence of the disease include: ① lying on a hard bed, ② wearing a lumbar brace for protection, ③ strengthening the exercise of the lumbar back muscles, swimming, ④ taking oral medications such as Tengzheng Xuanbone Pill to strengthen the healing effect of the liver and kidney, ⑤ combining work and rest, paying attention to labor protection, etc.