Arteriovenous malformation of the nervous system (AVM) is the most common cause of spontaneous intracranial and intravertebral hemorrhage in childhood and is a congenital abnormality of central nervous system development. The reported incidence varies among statistics and is approximately 1 in 1,000 to 40 in 1,000. Surgery is the primary treatment for intracranial and intravascular, and there are two main scenarios: 1. Forced emergency surgical treatment. A significant proportion of children with AVM have sudden intracranial hemorrhage with life threatening consequences, or hemorrhage in the cervical spinal canal in large amounts or hemorrhage in the thoracic and lumbar spine causing bilateral lower limb paraplegia, and surgery is performed to remove the hematoma to save life or avoid paralysis after confirmation by CT or MR. These children are too late for preoperative angiography (DSA) examination. 2. Elective surgical treatment. Surgical resection is the most thorough treatment for AVM, which not only prevents rebleeding, stops blood theft from the malformed vascular mass, improves blood supply to the brain and cremaster, but also controls seizures. What are the precautions during hospitalization after intracranial and intravertebral arteriovenous malformation resection in children? 1. Postoperative children should be sedated and placed in a quiet, well-conditioned ward, requiring oxygen monitoring and blood pressure monitoring to control blood pressure and prevent bleeding caused by high blood pressure. Medical staff should strengthen rounds in order to detect abnormalities and deal with them in time. 2, the child should be accompanied by family members after surgery, which is especially important for children. The parents of the child are the best helpers of the medical workers in the treatment process. Parental care is especially important for the emotional stability of the child after surgery, and is often irreplaceable by doctors and nurses. The best thing is that “the first moment the baby opens his eyes after waking up from anesthesia, he can see his mother’s smiling face”. Of course, the parents must be trained in advance by the medical staff and should wear isolation clothing. 3, cranial surgery after the operation of the head high 15-30 ° lying, while the intra-cranial surgery of the child requires the axis of turning over. What are the precautions to be taken after the discharge of children after intracranial and intravertebral arteriovenous malformation resection? 1, the child should still keep enough rest after discharge, avoid long hours of surfing the Internet or watching TV, and avoid excitement. Relaxing environment, soft music and walking are beneficial. You can take a shower with your parents 3-5 days after the stitches are removed. 2. For children with neurological deficits, they should insist on physical rehabilitation training, which is more effective when combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. 3.Avoiding trauma is important, especially within three months after surgery. For patients with a history of convulsions after onset, especially frontal lobe, children with temporal lobe lesions may have to take antiepileptic drugs for a period of time; while AVMs in the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and spinal canal are often not necessary. 4. Pay attention to follow-up visits. Children with significant headache, dizziness, drowsiness, convulsions, limb movement disorders, or neurological dysfunction that improves and then recurs should be followed up promptly so that the doctor can detect the cause and deal with it early. 5. No matter whether the malformed vessels of children are removed while clearing the hematoma or not, they still need to perform DSA examination in March after surgery to clarify whether there is residual AVM for early treatment (reoperation, gamma knife, interventional treatment, etc.).