Young people are prone to hematologic cancers, especially acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma. Hematologic cancers are malignant tumors that occur in the hematopoietic system, and the most common ones include leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. Some statistics show that acute leukemia accounts for the first place in morbidity and mortality among children and adults under 35 years of age. The most common malignancies in children are acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and then acute myeloid leukemia. The incidence of lymphoma is also relatively high, especially Burkitt’s lymphoma. In young adults, the incidence of acute leukemia is higher, but unlike in children, the most common type of acute leukemia is acute myeloid leukemia. In addition, the incidence of malignant lymphoma is also higher in young adults, with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma being more common in China and Hodgkin’s lymphoma being more common abroad.