Transcatheter laparoscopic appendectomy approach and experience

Surgical methods: 1. Preoperative preparation: routine skin preparation, bladder emptying, no need to routinely leave urinary and gastric catheters, general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation; 2. Incisional poke hole: a lcm arcuate incision was made at the superior umbilical rim for the laparoscopic observation hole. The pneumoperitoneum needle was inserted and filled with carbon dioxide gas to establish pneumoperitoneum, and the pneumoperitoneum pressure was maintained at 12-14 mmHg, then a 10 mm trocar was inserted and a 30° laparoscope was placed to explore the abdominal cavity. After observing the general condition of the abdominal cavity in the order of upper right, upper left, lower left, pelvic, and lower right, and excluding the possibility of other diseases in the abdominal cavity, a 5-mm incision was made 5 cm above the pubic symphysis under direct laparoscopic view as a secondary operating hole. The appendix is found along the colonic band, and a 10-mm incision is made at the left lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle (or the anti-McGregor point) in the flat umbilicus, and a 10-mm trocar is placed as the main operation hole. Separating forceps, ultrasonic knife, electric hook, suction device, and appendiceal specimen can be placed. 3. Appendectomy: ordinary grasping forceps are placed from the suprapubic symphysis Trocar, and electrocoagulation hook, vascular forceps or ultrasonic knife are placed on the left side. If the appendix is adherent, free it first and fully expose the appendix root. The head of the appendix is grasped by the suprapubic trocar and lifted in the direction of the anterior abdominal wall, so that the appendiceal tract is under certain tension, and the tract is clamped with the electrocoagulation hook or vascular clamp from the root of the appendix, and the tract is gradually cut off to the root of the appendix by electrocoagulation with the electrocoagulation hook after 2-3s of electrocoagulation. The appendix was cut at 0.5 cm from the appendiceal root by absorbable bioclip or No. 7 silk wire ligation, and the appendiceal stump was disinfected by electrocoagulation, and the appendiceal stump was not buried. Intraoperative experience: if no appendiceal perforation is seen during the operation, only suction or small sand strips are used to wipe away the exudate around the appendix, not flushing, so as not to spread inflammation and cause postoperative fever; if there is exudate or pus in the abdominal cavity, flush it out with saline or metronidazole injection, and no drain can be placed in the abdominal cavity; in cases of gangrenous perforated appendicitis and diffuse peritonitis, after removal of the appendix, flush and aspirate with large amount of saline and metronidazole solution in A drainage tube should be placed at the suprapubic symphysis poke hole. If it is seen that the appendix has formed an abscess, the pus cavity is separated with vascular forceps, and the drainage tube is placed after flushing with metronidazole solution after aspiration of pus; if the appendix can be explored and freed during surgery, it is better to remove the appendix, but it is more likely to cause damage to the ileocecal region, depending on the experience and technical level of the surgical operator. (4) Appendix removal from the abdominal cavity: If the appendix diameter is less than 1 cm, it can be directly removed from the trocar. If the appendix is larger than 1 cm in diameter, the appendiceal tract can be cut or the appendix can be shredded and removed from the trocar through the extraction bag to avoid contaminating the puncture hole. The appendix is removed and the surgical wound is observed for active bleeding and for bleeding from the puncture hole. The pneumoperitoneum machine is turned off, the abdominal cavity is evacuated, the puncture incision is sutured, and the procedure is completed.