1, several common misconceptions of diabetics Myth 1: The less diabetics eat the better Diabetics are not eating the less the better? Many diabetic patients think so. In fact, diabetic intake of carbohydrates due to the defective secretion or role of insulin, can not be converted into energy, a large number of accumulation in the blood, to the real need for energy supply, but not enough, and thus hypoglycemia; on the other hand, eat too little easily lead to malnutrition, low immune function, many comorbidities followed, so we say: diabetic patients should be under the guidance of a nutritionist Ensure adequate nutrition supply, rather than eating less the better. Myth 2: The amount of food for diabetic patients is calculated by cooked rice and cooked noodles In the diabetic outpatient clinic, we found that some patients have good blood sugar control, but they are getting thinner and thinner, and their physique is getting worse and worse, even to the point that they can not adhere to normal work. Upon asking, we found out that he was eating a cooked diet, so that his calorie intake was obviously insufficient. Therefore, we would like to emphasize here: the diabetic diet is calculated by raw rice and noodles, and meat and vegetables are also calculated by raw meat and raw vegetables. Myth 3: diabetics to limit water Some people say that diabetics to limit water, which is wrong. Diabetic patients should not limit drinking water, drinking water can be supplemented with trace elements, and can dilute the blood, reduce blood viscosity and blood sugar. Myth 4: diabetics a little porridge and soup can not drink expert opinion originally: because of the fast absorption of porridge, drink a lot of porridge will soon raise blood sugar, so diabetics do not advocate drinking a lot of porridge, especially porridge instead of the main food is even worse. But it is said to be absolute, a little porridge can not drink, and even extended to even vegetable soup can not drink. Therefore, so that some diabetics are suffering, even breakfast is dry choke. Chinese people have a diet of congee, especially the elderly, teeth and appetite are not good, all at once into a dry food is a very difficult thing. This is not the original intention of diabetes control workers. Diabetic diet is well-controlled in order to make diabetic patients live well and happy, not to make the quality of life of diabetic patients decline. Therefore, a small amount of porridge or soup after the meal is not a big obstacle. Myth five: diabetics as long as the control of the main food, side dishes can not control this view is also wrong. Some people are using the countermeasures of “embankment loss outside the embankment”, the main food is controlled, but the side dishes are increased accordingly, such as some people drink 4 kg of milk a day, some people eat a lot of meat, and even more, a day to eat half a catty of peanuts, melon seeds …, who do not know, these side dishes will increase the calories, but also will raise blood sugar, especially the blood sugar. Especially now, the emphasis is on total calories, that is, in addition to the main food, side dishes including milk, soy milk, meat, eggs, fish and shrimp, soy products, cooking oil, peanuts, melon seeds and dried fruit food, fruit should be calculated in the total calories, these things will raise blood sugar. Peanuts, melon seeds, almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts and other dried fruits contain quite a lot of calories! The only ones that don’t need to be counted are green leafy vegetables that contain less than 3% sugar. Some people may ask, “There are fruits that contain less than 10% sugar, so why must they be counted in the total calories? This is because the sugars contained in fruits are glucose and fructose, which are absorbed quickly and are also converted into calories quickly. In view of the fact that fruits contain glucose and fructose, which are absorbed quickly, and therefore the blood sugar rises quickly, it is not recommended to eat fruits in patients whose blood sugar is not yet under control. Blood sugar control of patients, but also to eat between meals, and in moderation. 2, life should be regular Diabetic patients have a considerable part of life is very irregular, such as playing mahjong at night, very late to bed, the next morning do not eat breakfast, noon to get up, only two meals a day. Therefore, they cannot guarantee the time of taking medication or insulin injection. As we mentioned earlier, diabetic patients should have a small number of meals, if only two meals a day, it will inevitably lead to too much concentration of calories, blood sugar rises too quickly, and remains high, especially difficult to control. Therefore, diabetic patients should first do regular diet and living, in order to better control blood sugar. 3, vitamins, inorganic salts and trace elements should be sufficient diabetic patients in the diet at the same time, but also pay attention to the supplement vitamins, inorganic salts and trace elements, fiber. For example, due to diabetes caused by vitamin metabolism disorders, can contribute to the occurrence of neurological complications, so food should be diversified, it is appropriate to eat more vitamin-rich foods. For example, green leafy vegetables, we should eat more, even vegetables containing less than 3% sugar can not be counted in the total; supplementation of water-soluble vitamins is very important, because the diabetic polyuria, so many water-soluble vitamins are excreted with the urine, so B1, B2, B12, B6 and vitamin C supplementation is necessary. Do not use alkali in cooking to avoid destroying the microbiotics in the food. The role of zinc in the diabetic diet should not be overlooked. Zinc deficiency can reduce insulin secretion. The daily requirement of zinc for adults is related to the protein content of the diet. 1980 U.S. zinc supply standard for adults is 15 mg per day. There is no risk of toxicity with the amount of zinc contained in the average diet. The best sources of zinc are meat, seafood and poultry. The bran of cereals, soybeans, peas, green beans, dried shiitake mushrooms, and portobello mushrooms are also high in zinc. In recent years, the medical community found that a variety of diseases are related to low magnesium, including diabetes itself, including hypertension, retinopathy and cataracts, so it is appropriate to eat more magnesium-rich foods. Magnesium-rich food can be seen in millet, oats, soybeans, pinto beans and green leafy vegetables, etc. Food rich in microbiotin C food are tomatoes, millets, oranges, grapefruit, etc., rich in vitamin B vegetables, such as pumpkin, carrots, white potatoes, etc.. And green leafy vegetables are rich in B12 and folic acid. Here we especially want to introduce the food containing vitamin Bl, because the content of vitamin Bl is extremely important for diabetic patients, on the one hand, Bl is a water-soluble vitamin, can be excreted with the patient’s urine, on the other hand, diabetic patients and need to supplement a large number of vitamin Bl, otherwise it is easy to occur such as loss of appetite, numbness of the hands and feet, pain, abnormal sensation and other neurological complications. 4, fiber-rich foods, but also to eat more. Fiber foods have lower blood sugar, lipid effect, is the only food to reduce and slow down the absorption of carbohydrates, and can improve the intestinal dysfunction of diabetics, such as constipation. Should eat more, here the “more food” can be interpreted as follows: for coarse grains, to be repeated, and for green vegetables, can eat more. These foods are oat noodles, corn, oats, bran, mung beans, fungus, silver fungus, kelp, celery, leeks, pumpkin, etc. are rich in fiber foods. However, when eating coarse grains oat noodles, corn, oat bran, mung beans or to be exchanged with the staple food rice and noodles for equivalent; eat fresh pumpkin, because the sugar content of pumpkin in 5-6% (because the origin is not the same, the sugar content varies), every 350 grams of fresh pumpkin need to replace half two staple foods to prevent blood sugar rise. 5, should not eat food containing sucrose: such as drinks, popsicles, ice cream, ice cream, mooncakes, snacks, dumplings, sugar cubes, and various foods containing sucrose. Do not add sugar to milk and soy milk, or to stir-fried vegetables. Of course, the exception is when hypoglycemia. 6. Foods to be eaten sparingly Potatoes (16.6%), yams (19.9%), taro (17.5%), onions (8%), carrots (8%), etc., which contain high carbohydrates, should be eaten sparingly as a side dish, but as a staple food, it can be calculated according to its sugar content and replace part of the staple food. For example, 125g of yam is equivalent to 25g of rice or noodles, so if you want to eat yam, you should reduce the number of grams of your main food accordingly. For example, carrots contain 8% sugar, so eating 200g of carrots is equivalent to eating 16g of carbohydrates, thus reducing the amount of staple food. Saturated fatty acid rich lard, butter, lamb oil, cream, butter should be used sparingly, vegetable oil can be used instead of some animal sleeves. Olive oil is the most ideal choice for diabetic patients, that is, it does not increase calories and can reduce blood lipids. Fried food should not be used or used sparingly, because of the high calorie production of fat, 9 kcal per gram of fat, fried food is easy to raise blood sugar and blood lipids. Animal offal such as liver, waist, etc. do not use or use less, because animal offal not only high cholesterol content, and protein metabolites purine content is also high, diabetic patients eat this high cholesterol and high protein food, it is easy to cause hyperlipidemia and gout. 7, eating fruit is conditional The carbohydrates contained in fruit are glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, pectin and so on. Fructose in the normal metabolic process does not require insulin, pectin according to animal experiments show that there is a delay in the absorption of glucose, and is a soluble fiber, generally does not provide heat, from this aspect, the fruit is allowed to eat. But on the other hand, it also contains glucose, which can rapidly increase blood sugar after patients eat it, so it is not advisable to eat more. In short, we believe that fruit can be eaten, but should be under the condition of good blood sugar control, choose low sugar and pectin-containing fruits, such as dragon fruit, apple, pear, grapefruit, kiwi, etc., and must be limited, eat 1 per day is enough, and to replace part of the main food. Fruits with high sugar content such as bananas, persimmons and dates eat less or not. For example, the sugar content of apples is 10%-13%, (green apples contain only 3% sugar) but also learned that the pectin content of apples is relatively high, then apples can be eaten. To convert, eat a medium-sized apple to reduce 25 grams of staple food. Another example is the high pectin content of lemons, and the sugar content of lemons is 5%, so lemons can also be eaten. According to the calculation of sugar content, eating 500 grams of lemon requires 30 grams of reduction in the amount of staple food. And so on, which fruit to choose and its specific amount to replace how much staple food. The best time to eat fruit is between meals or just before bedtime, when blood sugar drops. For patients whose condition is not satisfactorily controlled, it is better not to eat it. In the event of ketosis, because most of the fruits are alkaline foods, which have the effect of neutralizing keto acid, they can be consumed under the guidance of physicians. 8, be careful with alcohol Alcohol does not contain any nutrients, but only provides heat, such as each gram of alcohol can produce 7 kcal of heat, long-term drinking is not good for the liver, and makes the blood lipids rise. Insulin injection patients are prone to hypoglycemia when drinking alcohol on an empty stomach, and a few patients taking hypoglycemic drugs have panic attacks, shortness of breath and red cheeks after drinking alcohol, so it is appropriate not to drink. When you want to drink a small amount, you can choose low alcohol, such as beer and dry wine, and when you drink, you should calculate the calories and reduce the amount of staple food as appropriate. For example, 500 ml of beer produces 140 kcal, which is equivalent to 25 grams of staple food (half a tael), so you should eat less than 25 grams of staple food when drinking alcohol.