Inguinal hernia: A hernia sac protruding through the deep ring of the inguinal canal lateral to the inferior abdominal wall artery and passing obliquely inward, downward, and forward through the inguinal canal and then penetrating the superficial inguinal ring and may enter the scrotum is called an inguinal hernia, which accounts for about 90% of inguinal hernias and is the most common type of extra-abdominal hernia. Symptoms and signs of inguinal hernia The clinical symptoms of recurrent hernia may vary depending on the size of the hernia sac or the presence of complications, and the basic symptom is the appearance of a recurrent mass in the inguinal region. With the development of the disease, the mass may gradually increase in size and descend from the groin to the scrotum or labia majora, which may cause inconvenience in walking and affect labor, and the mass is pear-shaped with a stalk, narrow at the upper end and wide at the lower end. The main feature of a refractory hiatal hernia is the inability of the hernia mass to retract completely, in addition to the slightly more painful clinical presentation. The clinical manifestation of intussusception hernia often occurs when there is a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure such as strong labor or defecation, and it is usually a hiatal hernia, which often presents as a sudden increase in size of the hernia mass with obvious pain. In the case of intestinal collaterals, not only local pain is obvious, but also paroxysmal abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal distension and other signs of mechanical intestinal obstruction, etc. Once the hernia is embedded, the chance of self-retraction is small; most patients’ symptoms gradually worsen, and if not treated in time, it will eventually become strangulated hernia. Treatment of inguinal hernia: Except for some infant cases, inguinal hernia generally does not heal on its own. Recurrent inguinal hernia symptoms are generally mild. Once the hernia is ingrown. If not treated in time, strangulation and necrosis of the hernia contents (mostly omentum or intestine) can occur, and the healing process can be quite serious. Therefore, patients with hernias should generally undergo surgery early to avoid adverse consequences. Surgery: Hernia is not likely to heal on its own and may become embedded or strangulated, so it should be treated surgically. However, in children within one week of age, the abdominal wall increases in strength with growth and development and may heal on its own, so surgery can be postponed. In elderly and frail children with other serious illnesses who are not suitable for surgery, the hernia ring can be tightly compressed with a hernia brace after retracting the hernia mass and removed at night when resting. Long-term use of a hernia brace may cause adhesion of the hernia contents to the hernia sac neck and is generally not recommended.