Gallstones are a common disease worldwide. In our natural population, the incidence of gallstones is about 10%. Gallstones are one of the causative factors of bile duct (gallbladder) cancer. Gallstones are one of the causative factors of bile duct (gallbladder) cancer. About 1/3 of patients with bile duct cancer have bile duct stones in combination, and the incidence of intrahepatic bile duct tumor is about 2%-15% in cases of intrahepatic bile duct stones, and all carcinomas occur in the bile duct containing stones. If recurrent gallstones cause recurrent bile duct infections, inflammation, jaundice and other symptoms, bile duct cancer will be easily induced. Therefore, it is better to operate early to avoid the occurrence of bile duct cancer if serious recurrent gallstones are found. Why are gallstones prone to bile duct cancer? It is because the recurrent inflammation, stones and parasites in the gallbladder can easily cause cancer in the bile cells due to the long-term frictional effect in the gallbladder. Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of the extrahepatic bile duct originating from the confluence of the left and right hepatic ducts to the lower end of the common bile duct. The age of onset is mostly from 50 to 70 years old, but the trend of youthfulness is obvious in recent years. The incidence of bile duct cancer in China is less common than other tumors of the gastrointestinal tract such as gastrointestinal and liver tumors, but the prognosis is poor. The average survival of palliative treatment or untreated cases is several months and rarely exceeds one year. Even surgical resection cases rarely exceed five years. Therefore, prevention and treatment of bile duct cancer and early diagnosis and early treatment are the keys to cure the disease. Gallstones can induce the occurrence of cancer and also interfere with the misleading diagnosis of cancer by doctors. Nowadays, many patients can detect bile duct cancer early through regular medical checkups, or through medical checkups before stone surgery, but many patients are still found to have cancer only when painful symptoms appear in the middle and late stages of cancer. Some patients even mistook bile duct cancer combined with stones as simple stone disease, and mistook obvious early symptoms such as poor appetite and vague pain in upper abdomen as stomach disease for a long time before delaying the discovery of cancer. The early clinical manifestations of bile duct cancer are mainly jaundice, loss of appetite, emaciation and itching, which are accompanied by upper abdominal discomfort. If combined with gallstones and biliary tract infection, there may be chills and fever, etc. If the cancer is located on one side of the hepatic duct, it is often asymptomatic at first, and obstructive jaundice appears only when it affects the opening of the opposite hepatic duct. Carcinoma of the middle bile duct without gallstone and infection is mostly painless, obstructive and fast developing jaundice. In case of tumor in the lower part of the common bile duct, an enlarged gallbladder may be palpable. If the tumor ruptures and bleeds, there may be black stools or a positive fecal occult blood test and anemia. Stone disease is likely to confuse doctors and make them misunderstand some of the early symptoms suggestive of cancer, so it is imperative for high-risk groups to prevent cancer and gallstones at the same time.