Lithotripsy for kidney stones usually refers to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, which may cause damage to the kidneys, but the degree of damage depends on the specific condition. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a common way to treat urinary stones. When kidney stones are treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, there are possibilities of renal colic, renal subperitoneal hematoma, renal rupture, localized skin ecchymosis, formation of ureteral “stone street”, renal pus, sepsis, etc., and renal atrophy is also a long-term complication. Therefore, when severe back pain or hematuria occurs after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for kidney stones, CT examination is usually necessary to clarify the diagnosis, bed rest, selective renal artery embolization is feasible for uncontrollable bleeding, and open surgery is required for serious cases. Therefore, before performing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, it is necessary to strictly grasp the indications and contraindications, combined with the condition of the stones and the patient’s physical factors, and then perform extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy after careful assessment. Of course, the possibility of the above complications is not high and there is no need to worry too much. If there are kidney stones, it is recommended that the patient should consult a regular hospital in time and be treated under the guidance of a doctor.