Comparing non-tuberculous mycobacteria and tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria are more serious in terms of the severity of the disease and the difficulty of treatment. 1. The severity of the disease: tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the incidence rate is relatively high, part of the population is infected, without any discomfort symptoms, most of them can be cured after regular treatment; non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis is in addition to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and leprosy Mycobacterium leprae other Mycobacterium leprae, immunity groups are easy to be infected, and it can involve many organs in the whole body. 2. Difficulty of treatment: the treatment time of tuberculosis is short, the regular full treatment ranges from 6 to 12 months, and the intensive period is 3 to 4 months, basically can be cured; non-tuberculosis mycobacteria are more difficult to treat, the treatment time is about 2 years, and the intensive period can be up to about 6 months. If infected with non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, it is recommended that timely and standardized treatment, so as not to delay the disease.